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Tag Archive 'meditation'

Reading as Contemplation versus Reading as Compulsion

In the middle of Twitter-mania and the push toward writing and reading fast, updated and short-lived information, it is good to be reminded about different ways of reading by two spiritual teachers from two very different paths. One is from Carlo Maria Martini.

The Christian tradition developed lectio divina (divine reading), a method in four steps: “lectio, meditatio, oratio, contemplatio” (reading, reflecting, oration, meditation). Those successions are the products of theological and anthropological reflections on the way the believer approaches God’s word, in order to assimilate them and transform them in real life, in action. (Carlo Maria Martini, Lectio Divina e Pastorale: A Cura di Salvatore A. Panimolle, Ascolto della Parola e Preghiera, La “Lectio Divina”, Città del Vaticano: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1987, p. 217).

The second is from the Indian mystic Osho.

To read is to know a certain art. It is to get into deep sympathy. It is to get into a sort of participation. It is a great experiment in meditation. But if you read the Gita the same way as you read novels you will miss it. It has layers and layers of depth. Hence, path – every day once has to repeat. It is not a repetition; if you know how to repeat it, it is not a repetition. If you don’t know, then it is a repetition.
Just try it for three months. Read the same book – you can choose any small book – every day. And don’t bring your yesterday to read it: just again fresh as the sun rises in the morning – again fresh as flowers come this morning, again fresh. Just open the Gita again, excited, thrilled. Again read it, again sing it, and see. It reveals a new meaning to you.
It has nothing to do with yesterday and all the yesterdays when you were reading it. It gives you a certain significance today, this moment, but if you bring your yesterdays with you, then you will not be able to read the new meaning. Your mind is always full of meaning. You think you already know. You think you have been reading this book again and again – so what is the point? Then you can go on reading it like a mechanical thing and you can go on thinking a thousand and one other thoughts. Then it is futile. Then it is just boring. Then you will not be rejuvenated by it. You will become dull. (Osho, The Search: Talks on the Ten Bulls of Zen, Rebel Publishing House, 1977, p. 122).

I wonder if the compulsive search for the latest news/messages and for an unending flow of information could be a reflection on the mental level of the everlasting freshness experienced by an enlightened soul. Such a condition re-creates itself anew at every moment, keeping the mind free from the burdens of the past.

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Social networking and instant fulfillment

Dali Soft Watches

The New York Times’s article Is Social Networking Killing You? quotes the neuroscientist Susan Greenfield telling the Daily Mail about social networking:

My fear is that these technologies are infantilizing the brain into the state of small children who are attracted by buzzing noises and bright lights, who have a small attention span and who live for the moment.

I already wrote about her in No identity and I appreciate her efforts in advising people about the inner transformations caused by technology.

When, in Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, the governor asked youths if they never faced a difficulty which couldn’t be overcome and had to endure a long time between a desire and its fulfillment, after some silence (during which the director started to become nervous while waiting), one of them confessed that once he had to wait almost four weeks before a woman whom he was attracted to conceded herself to him. The strong feeling associated with the waiting was “horrible” according both to the youngster and the governor, which the latter added that our ancient people were so stupid that, when the first reformers came to save them from those horrible feelings, they would reject them.

In Huxley’s Brave New World people were conditioned even before being born and life was engineered in such a way that every desire was satisfied in a short time. In case of unpleasurable feelings, there was soma, the perfect drug with no side effects.

The whole world of technologies revolves around avoiding idle time and silence. Waiting became equivalent to frustration and efficiency and speed are the qualities most cherished in technological fields. Internet technology brought the tendency to speed to new levels, which was already present in traditional media like radio or TV, where pauses or silences are consciously avoided. I don’t have a TV since a long time, but in the rare cases I do see it, I notice a progressive acceleration in editing and switches of context, with a drive to avoid vacant spaces, short though they may be.

The Internet experience, even though interactive, is even more extreme in this trend. Our attention is split between different applications which produce much input and flow of information which interact faster and faster with our clicks.

But the most fulfilling human experiences need a certain time to be internalized. To enter the flow of a dance, in making love and in meditation, time is needed. Looking for instant fulfillment is a childish peculiarity. The ability to hold and feel frustration is a gym to bring awareness to our feelings and to create a bigger container for them.

In one spiritual workshop I experienced the association between the activation of the shakti energy of kundalini and frustration. The activation of energy is modulated by the capacity to feel frustration and, staying in it without acting it out to discharge it.

In a certain way, meditation itself is an exercise in acceptance and awareness of frustration. There are few things as frustrating as sitting without doing anything and observing thoughts arising, sometimes trivial or boring, at other times associated with impatience or with feelings difficult to hold. Ecstatic states can be achieved during meditation as well, but, usually after that, some inner knots get melted in the form of awareness.

Technologies avoid reflective time and tend to minimize the gaps between a want and its fulfillment, causing irritation when there isn’t a quick response to our inputs, feeding the persistance of a childish attitude toward reality this way.

However, the quest for a null gap between a desire and its fulfillment reminds me of the condition described by spiritually realized people who, living in the “here and now,” don’t have any separation between what the mind desires and reality. There is a synchronization with reality, where the mind doesn’t filter any more what should be from what we want. Since there isn’t anybody any more who wants anything, the alignment with reality is total. Those states are not exclusive for enlightened people, but everybody gets a glance of them, even though for a short time. Somehow, looking for evermore speed at a technological level shows the need, limited to the mind’s plane, to enter the continuous flux which cancels frustration and desires themselves.

Anyway, on the mind’s plane, for as much as we can reach more speed (and if fact is the goal of most technological development), frustration is not going to disappear: rather, the quest for fulfillment becomes evermore greedy in a mechanism which reminds one of addiction. The mind, in itself, won’t ever have enough desires, information, or speed. Somehow the mind looks for the liberation of the desires/frustration couple, seeking immediate fulfillment, but finds instead reiteration and their multiplication.

See also:

Information Dopaminated

Taking away attention

Disembodying at broadband speed

Computer addiction as survival for the ego

Multitasking to nothing

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Awareness of feelings and Internet addiction

CyberPsychology & Behavior has presented a study entitled “Alexithymia and Its Relationships with Dissociative Experiences and Internet Addiction in a Nonclinical Sample.”

Alexithymia causes difficulty in understanding, differentiating and communicating emotional states. It is not considered a clinical condition, but a personality trait, shared among more or less 7% of the population, with a slightly greater prevalence of males. The term is relatively recent, being coined by Peter Sifneos in 1973. The subjects usually lack imagination, have little intuition and scarce introspective capacities. One of the predominant characteristics on the relationship level is a limited capacity of having emotional connections with people since they are not able to see both in themselves and in others the shades of emotion, but just obvious ones of “feeling good” or “bad.”

As often happens in the fields of psychology and psychiatry, interpretations of the causes for alexithymia are divided between those who consider the genetic and neurochemical factors as predominant, and those who think that the reasons are to be searched for in psychological factors (for example, too-intensive emotional experiences which lead to defending oneself from them, or lack of recognition of the son’s or daughter’s emotions by the parent).

Another characteristic of alexithymics is an attenuated capacity of controlling their impulses, so much so that some of them discharge the tension caused by the unpleasant inner states by compulsive acts, such as abusing food or substances, or through distorted sexual behavior.

The authors of the study (Domenico De Berardis, Alessandro D’Albenzio, Francesco Gambi, Gianna Sepede, Alessandro Valchera, Chiara M. Conti, Mario Fulcheri, Marilde Cavuto, Carla Ortolani, Rosa Maria Salerno, and Nicola Serroni e Filippo Maria Ferro) worked on a sample of 312 students, identifying the factors associated with the risks of developing Internet addiction.

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Google Lively is dead

Google recently discontinued Lively, the Second Life-like project. Even though that’s only one out of many of Google’s projects, it’s symbolic of a turning point from representation to reality.

In 1978, Jerry Mander in Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television (Quill, 1978) wrote:

In one generation, out of hundreds of thousands in human evolution, America had become the first culture to have substituted secondary, mediated versions of experience for direct experience of the world. Interpretation and representations of the world were being accepted as experience, and the difference between the two was obscure for most of us.

Thirty years later, it is not just about America and not just about TV. The detachment from direct experience grew layers. The attitude of substituting reality with mental representation was also one of the causes of the current financial problems, which constructed the illusionary “wealth,” considering information flowing through the cables as real goods.

Affirming that nothing is real is true both on the neurophysiological and spiritual levels. We have all heard that, especially in the Eastern traditions, the world is “maya,” an appearance, or illusion. Also, one of the mantras of people who populate the virtual worlds is to question reality saying that “there is nothing real in reality” since our experience is in any case mediated by our senses and by our nervous system which, starting from the mechanism of vision itself, only interprets reality. Following this line of thought we can say that there’s no objective reality and perhaps there’s no reality too, since every experience is mediated by our nervous system.

There’s an apparent concordance between neuroscientists, technical creators of virtual worlds and spiritual teachers. All of them, in different ways, say that the world in an illusion.

Since the times of Buddha and Plato, that the world is our representation has been a philosophical, metaphysical, psychological and spiritual assumption much before science and technology came into our lives. Philosophers and mystics expressed this in a much more sophisticated way than any software environment or technocrat.

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Meditation on bookmarks

Dali Illumined Pleasures

I was browsing my bookmarks accumulated over a couple of years, both on the browser and in sites devoted to saving and organizing them. Like many people, I added bookmarks as pointers to pages which are interesting to read but reading which I postponed or for pages I’d already read which I wished to keep for some still not clear future use.

At the time when I added the bookmarks, the pages seemed revealing or interesting and the themes involved worth pursuing more deeply. Then just a few of them had the same appeal after some time. Looks like the mind’s creativity, in order to develop something, has to fecundate many ideas, as in pro-creativity where just one sperm cell among millions will fuse with the ovule.

It was revealing to see how mental interests have a transitory nature, how we can get driven by them, how we go to a certain extent following their path and then drop them. Meditation practices are about being aware of the mind’s addiction with thoughts and then coming back to concentrating on something, for instance on the breath. In meditation we can be taken away by any kind of thought and it can take some time before we become aware that we have been hijacked and taken far from our concentration. The very awareness of being sidetracked is somehow the essence of meditation.

Satprem quotes Mère on the mind’s nature saying, “They are [a] world of suggestions. There come[s] the wave of a suggestion and then everything is frightening, then the wave of another suggestion and everything is romantic, then another one and everything is beautiful.”

When we are on the Internet the structure of links is a metaphor of the mind’s functioning which jumps from one branch to another. But when we are following mental stimulations on the Net we are not in a meditation practice and we have more difficulties in focusing internally and in letting go of the mind’s suggestions. Internet technology has a peculiar way of feeding the attachment to mental material.

At the same time there are mechanisms to simulate the detachments of the same, for instance through sharing our “own” bookmarks with others in social networks or letting our writings wander around on the Web. But what’s different with a real letting go is that we get detached from one mental stimulation to go to another, and never come back to the observing awareness which can drive us back to our center.

Since the mind’s contents are transitory in themselves, we can easily understand why Web sites and Web applications have a transitory nature as well. What was hip and “wired” a few months earlier quickly becomes “tired.” We know that once the novelty is gone, neurophysiologically, we don’t get the same “high” as before. Becoming interested in anything new is an ancient mechanism of our nervous system which rewards our attention to novelties that could be potentially threatening.

The process of digitalization of reality includes more and more human activities, among them connections with people through social networks and dating sites. I wonder if this attitude of being interested in something and then being pulled in other directions, always for something “new” is leading to considering human beings as another mental whim, given the number of “friends” people have in social sites and the ease with which they can add or delete them.

Object relations psychology tells us that we project our emotional relationships on other people and even on objects, and it seems that the online world is well suited to feeding mental projections on others, since we have less reality checks and our imagination can go unobstructed.

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Mail Goggles

Last week, Google Labs introduced a new service, Mail Goggles. This service is intended to

prevent many of you out there from sending messages you wish you hadn’t… By default, Mail Goggles is only active late night on the weekend as that is the time you’re most likely to need it.

Headlined “Stop sending mail you later regret,” Mail Goggles, when enabled, will ask you a few simple math questions “after you click send to verify you’re in the right state of mind,” in other words, preventing you from sending an email while drunk or in any other altered state of mind.

Google, in addition to being motherly, feeding us with almost infinite information, now seeks to acquire a paternalistic role for itself by helping us in regulating and setting our limits. This simple software starts as usual in an innocent and low-profile manner, but marks the beginning of an intervention regarding our intentions and inner lives.

It would be interesting to know if Google keeps a record of our test results and what they would do with that information: show advertisements about alcohol addiction recovery or food supplements to protect from alcohol toxins?

The idea in itself is not bad. The time spent to solve a simple math problem can give space to a healthy pause and could divert our thoughts in another direction, letting us consider our message in a different light (though I doubt people who indulge in drinking will enable the feature or keep it enabled for long anyway). The last thing that the condition of alcohol unawareness wants is to stop, reflect, or stay in an empty space where running thoughts could be transformed and maybe melted by the emptiness (through a very low-tech activity called “meditation”).

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The yogic geek

The methods of tracing and controlling our Internet activities have become constantly more varied and sophisticated. Cookies are probably the oldest method (since 1994) to trace – mainly for advertising purposes – the websites that are visited.

Governments, not only in dictatorships but also in Western countries control every piece of information that passes through the Net. One of the famous projects is Echelon, which gives access to every information sent on email, instant messaging and telephone. Beyond this, the police as well can have access to the data regarding Internet use in order to monitor users.

But on the whole we are accomplices to the information that we send. Google History keeps track of all the search we do on the Net. Google Desktop and similar services index everything that happens in our computer.

RSS readers like Google Reader know our interests by managing our subscriptions to blogs. Tracing cancellations and new subscriptions, it is possible for them to map the way our thoughts evolve.

As if this were not enough, we expose ourselves directly in social networking sites, forums, and blogs with our written words and our photos. Sometimes, we need this for getting an identity on the Net in exchange for some attention from others.

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Brain waves facing a screen, and meditation

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Meditation and staring at a screen share the same brain waves, but are actually different internal states. It seems that looking at a screen hooks people seducing them with a fake feeling of relaxation through the presence of alpha waves and even lower brain frequencies.

This relaxation, though, not being integrated with an attentive and aware observation of the contents of the mind (as happens in meditation) gives rise instead to an internal restlessness and stress, often unrecognized until it becomes full-blown.

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The Tao of Google ranking

When I was a child I believed that somewhere, somebody had the answers to all my questions about the world and about existence. It was because of knowing that sooner or later even I would have access to that knowledge that quietened my cognitive anxiety.

The very fact that knowledge was present somewhere, though hidden, I felt it was certainly obtainable, as if it was present in the air and just needed the proper antennas for being picked up. The Web didn’t exist then, nor did Google that provides almost the entire repository of human knowledge, and of course neither did I know Rupert Sheldrake’s morphic fields theory, much less the mystical ideas on universal consciousness.

But what happens to the process that produces knowledge, when we get it instantly through a Google search? Any media, mentioning McLuhan, is at the same time an extension and a castration. Google is an extension and a castration concerning our research and answer-finding capabilities.

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Neural reflexes and reflections on meditation

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At the bottom layer, both the television and the computer screens are about moving images. Looking at anything new moving in front of our eyes brings an ancient impulse to react through the instinctual fight-or-flight mechanism and our “orienting response.”

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Computer addiction as survival for the ego

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Our nervous system has the mechanism of a reward system that, when activated, can trigger the processes of compulsions and addictions. In the Internet, people can get addicted to online gambling, to online gaming, to porn, to cybersex, to online auctions, to chat, even to news and to surfing. Neuroscientists have also documented how the learning and the pleasure centers of the brain are the same.

My hypothesis is that addictions that have to do with the mind activity, such as computer addiction, are there in order to keep the mind busy and therefore surviving. A silent mind would mean no-mind; silence and stillness are the worse enemy for the ego, that breeds thoughts continuously and feeds on them.

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Programming and self de-programming

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Software programming is a meta-activity. It deals with becoming aware of a process in its details, even though it is limited to the area regarding the information flow. Recursive algorithms are a good metaphor for self-reflection.

Once reached a certain level in programming, it is almost inevitable that our attention cannot just focus on the understanding of the computer working mechanisms, but also to the inside of our own mind, investigating the way of thinking itself which allows us to deduce, discriminate, program, and associate things and events.

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Lifelogging

Hand with Reflecting Sphere

What's the deep need for recording everything that happens in our life? The promises of lifelogging.

I remember in the early 80's I was standing outside an ethnic restaurant in Milan with friends and we met a very young man, no older than ourselves. He told me that he had installed a tape recorder on his "500", a very small and cute Italian car. Any time he started the engine, the tape recorder automatically switched on so he could record conversations with his passengers and later listen to them.

His goal was to listen to himself talking later on. This guy was a nice and interesting character, and genuinely interested in knowing the different parts of himself, he wasn't a controlling paranoid personality. "One, No one and One Hundred Thousand" as Pirandello say. We are One for us, ultimately No one, but One Hundred Thousand for every different person we meet.

During the 80's some people in the alternative scene/culture were looking at the first video recording technologies as something that could bring more awareness in people's consciousness, as it were a Gurdjieffian continuous remembrance of ourselves. Now technology has evolved a lot more and Kevin Kelly writes about Lifelogging:

The goal of lifelogging: to record and archive all information in one’s life. This includes all text, all visual information, all audio, all media activity, as well as all biological data from sensors on one’s body. The information would be archived for the benefit of the lifelogger, and shared with others in various degrees as controlled by him/her.

Kevin Kelly is brilliant in forecasting the evolution of technology, but his analysis don't focus especially on the other half of the story: the impact of technologies on the soul. His classic book is Out of Control, that I published into Italian in the 90's.

First I ask myself what's the deep need for recording everything that happens in our life. Apart from the practical reasons to have such lifeloggings, I suspect it reflects on a different level a more spiritual, evolutionary need having to do with the desire to freeze certain life moments in order to be fully aware of them in our consciousness, in order to participate fully and deeply in the flow of life.

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