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Tag Archive 'neuroscienze'

Information Dopaminated

When I learned to program, the most-used computer programming languages were C or Pascal, languages based on the structured programming paradigm where the development of the procedures and the program structure were to be planned carefully, sometimes with elegance. However, this type of programming made the management of exchange of information with external events or with other programs or procedures more complicated.

At a certain point programming languages developed into event-driven programming, where procedures are activated on the basis of the messages which come from other software or from the user’s inputs, for example, by a click of a mouse or an input through the keyboard. This type of programming first gained prominence when graphic interfaces like Windows appeared and later with complex Internet communication.

Therefore, the execution of software takes place as a rebound of an input between programming modules which are continuously affecting each other. This type of programming is usually based on object-oriented programming languages, which, at the end of the 1990s imposed themselves on the structured and procedural programming model.

We continuously interact with the Net and with other technologies like mobile phones, sending and receiving information in a pace increasing according to technological advances. Just as software responds to events, users have also started behaving in the same way, becoming servomechanisms of technology and an integral part of the galaxy of stimuli-actions.

We fit ourselves as one of the modules which respond to events. As inputs, we have myriads of information and sites, and as outputs we click here and there. This produces new information and the mechanism becomes self-fed.

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The monkey and the Buddha

image courtesy of http://www.toothlessmonkey.com

Apart from human beings, only a few animals have the physical characteristics and mental capacities for using a tool. Monkeys are among them. But in what way do the primates learn to use a tool?

Research by Giacomo Rizzolatti of the University of Parma tells us that the brain uses the trick of considering the tool as a part of the body. Some previous researchers demonstrated that the hand movements are controlled by the area of the brain called F5.

He registered the cerebral activity of two macaques after they had learned to grasp food with pliers. He documented the activity in the F5 area and in the area called F1, which in turn was employed in the manipulation of objects. He discovered that there was the same cerebral activity both when the monkeys grasped the food with only the help of their own hand and with the pliers: the neuronal activity is transferred from the hands to the tool, as if the tool were the hand and its extremity were the fingers.

Furthermore, Rizzolatti puts in evidence the fact that the F5 area is rich with mirror neurons, a type of neurons that he had previously discovered, which are excited both when an act is being performed and when another individual is observed while performing the same act. The discoveries, according to Dietrich Stout, an archeologist specializing in the use of tools, tell us that “obviously, the use of instruments by the monkeys implies an incorporation of the instruments in the body scheme, literally it is an extension of a body”.

The monkey cannot distinguish between his own hands and the tool that he uses, considering the latter a real extension of his body. It reminds me of what Marshall McLuhan said regarding the media and tools as extensions of ourselves.

In this experiment, however, they make a decision without consulting the person in-charge. The factor of consciousness is missing, which is still elusive to neuroscience. The presence or otherwise of consciousness and what it is about cannot be identified by experiments. This experiment made me reflect on the relationship between consciousness, tools, and the spiritual paths toward awareness.

Therefore, tools are really like body extensions on a neural level, but the consciousness of a human being allows the understanding that the tool is external. The monkey does not know the duality which is produced by the self-consciousness, thus it seems like getting closer to a spiritual condition of a “union with everything.” However, the union takes place on a pre-conscious level.

The consciousness of ourselves is at the same time joy and distress since they entrap us in the mind, separating us from the rest of existence, and it splits as well on the inner level down to our inside, but it also allows us to reach spiritual peaks unknown to our hungry macaque. Self-consciousness and consequently the development of an ego which separates us from everything are the intermediate phases between the monkey and the spiritually enlightened state.

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Descartes’ little “Spirits”

descartes_mind_and_body

Though Descartes is considered the father of rationality and of the modern scientific method, in his researches he was a philosopher and sometimes a mystic. The religious aspect was a kind of partial compromise for pandering to the ecclesiastic hierarchies of his time, but his method of investigation was still anchored to inner analysis and to philosophy, besides scientific objectivity.

Science, not having modern research instruments then, was integrated with the investigation methodologies that rested upon cosmology, religion, and philosophy, among other sources of knowledge.

It is known that Descartes considered the pineal gland as a bridge between the immortal soul and the mortal body.

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Wireless communication and reality mining as a reflection of pervasive consciousness

<h1><a xhref="http://www.indranet.org/?attachment_id=88">Composition VIII</a></h1>

Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and other wireless modalities of transmitting data through computers and modems, printers and other peripherals are expanding. Wireless connection won't be the only information post on the territory. Reality mining is the term coined by MIT Media Lab that sums up the various objects that can be transformed in data spots through tiny radio-connected sensor chips.

The appeal of wireless is not just avoiding messy cables or the convenience of being able to connect to the Net anywhere. Wireless spots have an impact on our psyche as well. They give the impression of conscious, almost alive presences spreading across the world. A net of infinite eyes and pervasive awareness where all is one and interconnected.

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