Attention is the Foundation of Awareness

In any single moment of awareness, which may be as brief as one millisecond, attention is focused in only one sense field. But during the course of these momentary pulses of consciousness, attention jumps rapidly from one sense field to another, like a chimpanzee on amphetamines. In the blur of these shifts among the sense fields, the mind “makes sense” of the world by superimposing familiar conceptual grids on our perceptions. In this way our experience of the world is structured and appears familiar to us (Wallace, 2006, p. 37).

The mind compensates for the gaps in continuity by mechanically recalling our previous experience and conditioning. Spiritual teachers speak of this in various phrases: that we create reality; we are asleep; we do not see things as they are in their essence. The more the inputs we receive without attention from our part, the more the structures of our mind are unconsciously activated to make sense of the world.

Attention is one of the foundations of awareness. Without it, we have no protection against information which is poured into us. Without attention our real identities and human values have no role in transforming information into wisdom. Then without choice we ingest whatever is put in front of us.

Without attention we risk becoming servomechanisms of technology, clicking compulsively with no direction. An open mind without goals is very different from the lack of direction of a mind frenzied with the longing to be filled. Lacking attention we have no control over our intentions nor critical perspective for interpreting information.

Attention is an ingredient of mindfulness – the awareness of our inner state which includes our body, feelings, and sensations. Meditation techniques begin with focused attention and concentration.

With attention, awareness, mindfulness, “presence” and a quiet mind, we are nourished by our interiority instead of force fed by external stimuli. As attention is connected to our identity, weak attention produces a weak identity. A scientist of the Rational Psychology Association, studying changes in the brain from over-stimulation, defined “the new indifference” as the capacity to cope with contradictory stimuli without being concerned (Talbott, 1997).

If we add to this the pervasive difficulties with prolonged attention, the lack of inner awareness, the weakening of literacy, and the absence of strong ethical and ideological ground, we are easily manipulated by messages which simplify the world. We are then prey to fundamentalisms and populisms with their promise of rapid solutions and return to the “certainties” of the past. Without attention nothing makes sense and there’s no motivation to delve deeper.

“It is worth noting that Ted Nelson, the maverick who first coined the term ‘hypertext’ to describe our ability to navigate our own path through electronic information in 1965, has suffered since childhood from what later became known as ADD” (Harkin, 2009, p. 135). Attention disorders are expanding parallel to the expansion of information, leaving us vulnerable to unbalanced external guidance. Short attention span and lack of inner guidance work together to create a weak identity.

excerpt from Chapter 12 of “The Digitally Divided Self : Relinquishing our Awareness to the Internet

L’edizione Italiana di “The Digitally Divided Self” verrà pubblicata ad Aprile 2013 da Bollati-Boringhieri.

Technology is Natural for the Mind

La tecnologia è naturale per la mente

Some may be surprised to read such a statement. Technology is natural in the sense that it amplifies the natural tendency of the mind to be continuously stimulated by external events. Introspection, meditation, and the silence of the mind are the most unnatural experiences for the ego-mind.

The “natural” evolution of the psyche creates, at best, a healthy and strong ego. Going beyond this stage requires a lot of “unnatural” work, mostly by developing an observing attitude called meditation. The tools of technology are more congenial for our minds than meditation. Through technology, we can even write about meditation in our blogs (as I also do, and yes I am aware of the paradox) and on social networks (which I avoid). By feeding the mind through every means we never risk abandoning our cherished identification with the mind’s contents.

Disengaging from the chatter of our minds is one of the most unnatural activities that humans can do. Information technology feeds our mind with information, a product that the mind loves to crunch on, and also with ideas, concepts, emotions, and beliefs, keeping the ego-mind at the center of the show.

Technology is natural for the ego-mind, the level with which humanity currently identifies. The digital-binary technology reflects perfectly the duality of the mind, where the either-or modality is reflected even in the inner functioning of computers.

The information society, as the peak of an historical process, will probably last for a shorter amount of time than the industrial one. If we follow the esoteric system of the seven bodies, the next step after the mental plane would be the awareness one, in which the mind is observed, known, and explored from the inside.

The semantic web, sometimes called Web 3.0, is the first step toward meta-information, toward a self-awareness of information that simulates, though limited on the mental plane, the observing attitude of inner exploration.

Alcuni potrebbero sorprendersi di una tale affermazione. La tecnologia è naturale nel senso che amplifica la tendenza naturale della mente di essere stimolata in continuazione da eventi esterni. L’introspezione, la meditazione e il silenzio della mente sono tra le esperienze più innaturali per la mente-ego.

L’evoluzione “naturale” della psiche crea, al più, un ego solido e sano. Portarsi oltre questo stato dell’essere richiede parecchio lavoro che non è propriamente “naturale”, soprattutto nella direzione di un’attitudine verso l’osservazione chiamata meditazione. Gli strumenti tecnologici sono più congeniali per la mente rispetto alla meditazione. Attraverso la tecnologia possiamo anche scrivere di meditazione nei nostri blog (cosa che faccio e di cui sono consapevole della contraddizione) e sui social networks (che evito). Alimentando la mente in diversi modi non rischiamo mai di abbandonare la nostra identificazione con i contenuti della stessa.

Staccarsi dal chiacchierio della mente è una delle attività più innaturali per un essere umano. L’information technology alimenta le menti con informazioni, un prodotto che la mente ama sgranocchiare, e con idee, concetti, emozioni e convinzioni, mantenendo così la mente-ego al centro dell’attenzione.

La tecnologia è naturale per la mente-ego, il livello in cui l’umanità si identifica in questa fase storica. La tecnologia digitale-binaria riflette perfettamente la dualità della mente, dove la modalità o-uno-o-l’altro viene riflessa anche nel funzionamento interno dei computer.

La società dell’informazione, arrivata al cumine di un lento processo storico, probabilmente durerà un lasso di tempo inferiore all’era industriale. Se dovessimo seguire il sistema esoterico dei sette corpi, il passo successivo al piano mentale è quello della consapevolezza, dove la mente viene osservata, conosciuta ed esplorata dall’interno.

Il web semantico, talvolta chiamato Web 3.0, è il primo passo verso la meta-informazione, verso un’auto-conoscenza dell’informazione che simula, seppur limitatamente al piano mentale, l’attitudine verso l’osservazione tipica dell’esplorazione interiore.

Online Commoditizing and Monetizing

excerpt from Chapter 6 of “The Digitally Divided Self : Relinquishing our Awareness to the Internet

“All that once was directly lived has become representation. . . . The real consumer has become a consumer of illusions” (Guy Debord, 1967).

The Situationists, an international revolutionary group of the ’50s critical of capitalist culture, spoke of “The Society of the Spectacle” which alienates people through a mediated and commoditized social environment. Media and products, in the Situationists’ view, dull the audience and control desire. Half a century later, we have newly created media with greatly expanded scope – which reinforce the Situationists’ principles. In the new digital millennium it seems that desires are not controlled, yet they are acceptable as long as they are associated with a market product, channeled through and stimulated by the media.

The Situationists perceived that in capitalism, emotions become transmuted into market products – and we have to pay up to redeem our emotions. The market, as they saw it, first takes away our real needs for connection and authenticity, then offers a pale reflection of the real – making us always thirsty for a real which will never come. The need for connection today is expressed through social networks which appear free and democratic. Yes, many Internet services are free of charge, but if we calculate hardware, software, the Internet connection – plus our time and attention – the cost must be reconsidered.

The market product now is us. We are being sold as targets to advertisers, according to the contents we view and produce on the Net. Moreover, the Situationists observed that people in our society are programmed to live a life that is merely a representation of a real life. Through technology, needs have been created in order to sell solutions. And the hi-tech market doesn’t even require much in the way of commodities any more, since it is represented digitally – making blatant Debord’s words about becoming consumers of illusions.

Replacing the Real

Once we have surrendered our senses and nervous systems to the private manipulation of those who would try to benefit from taking a lease on our eyes and ears and nerves, we don’t really have any rights left (McLuhan, 1964, p. 68).

Even babies now are deprived of bodily contact – for various reasons. Parents have little time and, even when they are with their kids, their hands and eyes are on their gadgets. There are no longer large or extended families. Adults are sometimes scared to cuddle kids for fear of accusations of pedophilia. Yet body touch is important for a balanced emotional and neurological life.

Oxytocin is a hormone and neurotransmitter. Apart from its well-known role in facilitating childbirth, recent research points to its absence in autism, personality disorders, depression, social phobias, psychosis and sexual disorders. Oxytocin is released during bodily contact, stimulating a sense of bonding, well-being and social participation. Some doctors promote the start of oxytocin treatment early in a child’s life to improve her social skills. This paints the picture of our situation: first, the real (contact) is taken away, then to reclaim the emotions (bonding) a substitute is offered (drug) – in the form of market products.

The need for human connection now feeds a huge industry of mobile phones and social networks. Once the Net becomes indispensable, we buy whatever is required to keep our connection active. The idea of falling out of the flow is too scary. But then we can buy apps for our iPhone or iPad which provide the same data easily available on the Net. Since we can’t sever the umbilical cord, we gladly pay for the nourishment it provides.

Brave New World

In Brave New World, every discomfort of old age was abolished. The character remained the same as a 17-year-old. People never stopped to reflect, always busy at pleasure and at work. Whenever a phase of reflection would emerge, the perfect drug – soma – was available in appropriate doses (Huxley, 1932). Eighty years after Huxley’s novel, we witness life extension therapies, antidepressants to feed desire, Viagra to renew sexual vigor, commoditized entertainment in every moment of our lives. All of these militate against the growth of the soul.
In the preface of Amusing Ourselves to Death, Postman (1985) wrote that, “In 1984, Huxley added, people are controlled by inflicting pain. In Brave New World, they are controlled by inflicting pleasure. In short, Orwell feared that what we hate will ruin us. Huxley feared that what we love will ruin us”.

The move of marketing into the digital realm creates an infinite marketplace where needs are replaced by desires. Desires, fed by the mind rather than by finite biological needs like food and shelter, are endless. The digital world, qualitatively closer to the mind and its incessant cravings, is profoundly non-sustainable. The Internet, as it replaces TV, is ripe for social control of a class of the population that might start to question the whole system. It promises to be the new soma for a society experiencing economic and environmental decay.

The Digitally Divided Self : Relinquishing our Awareness to the Internet  e’ in traduzione per Bollati-Boringhieri. L’edizione Italiana e’ prevista in libreria per Aprile 2013.

When the iPhone replaces the syringe: communication as a form of pathology

Quando l’iPhone sostituisce la siringa: la comunicazione come forma di patologia

Sorry this is a guest post only in Italian.

Laura (ma il nome è di fantasia) è una mia amica. Ha una laurea, ha militato in politica quando era più giovane, ha una casa piena di libri che in buona parte ha letto, aveva un marito che ha lasciato per un altro uomo quando ha cominciato a sentirsi vecchia e ora, non so, forse ha degli amanti. Insomma Laura ha avuto e ancora ha una vita intensa.

Ma qualcosa non torna. Ogni mattina scrive “buongiorno” e ogni sera “buonanotte” su Twitter e di rimbalzo anche su Facebook, e durante il giorno commenta in tempo reale con pensieri irrilevanti le sue attività. Cercare il link giusto da postare sulla sua bacheca online sembra essere diventato per lei tanto importante quanto prendersi cura della propria igiene personale.

È caduta anche nella trappola dei talkshow, specie quelli furbi pensati apposta per gli utenti come lei (che mai guarderebbero “L’Isola dei Famosi” ma che non si perdono una puntata di “Che tempo che fa”…), e mentre guarda la televisione commenta in tempo reale sui social network quello che il conduttore e l’ospite dicono, come se il suo cervello fosse collegato a internet a sua insaputa o come se la sua opinione fosse richiesta da una platea che la segue con attenzione… ma dall’altra parte del suo iPhone non c’è nessuno o, per meglio dire, ci sono milioni di altri naufraghi che, come lei, gridano aiuto alla deriva nel vuoto cosmico della modernità.

Carla è un’altra amica. Ricordo come compativa Berlusconi quando, ai tempi, trapelò la notizia che faceva sparire da tutte le agenzie fotografiche d’Italia le foto che lo ritraevano in pose sbilenche o con smorfie buffe… “che uomo ridicolo e patetico”, diceva. Oggi anche Carla è su Facebook. Ha postato oltre 100 foto che la ritraggono in tutte le situazioni (dal bichini al tailleur), e si capisce lontano un miglio che sono foto scelte per trasmettere di lei l’immagine più fresca e appetibile possibile, sebbene sia una donna di mezza età e abbia una famiglia.

Primi piani studiati allo specchio, pose che simulano spontaneità ma che sono invece calcolate per mostrare ad arte le forme del suo corpo, sguardi intensi che vogliono comunicare dal monitor dio solo sa cosa, scatti che si capisce benissimo sono stati accuratamente selezionati fra migliaia di altri per trasmettere una falsa immagine di sé… proprio come Berlusconi, che tanto la faceva indignare… ai tempi…

Laura e Carla non sono una eccezione. Oggi sono la norma.

Dalla patologia come forma di comunicazione siamo approdati nel giro di qualche anno alla situazione contraria.

Negli ultimi anni i manuali di medicina si sono dovuti aggiornare  per includere le molte Laura e Carla in quelle che ora vengono definite le “nuove sindromi da addiction”, ossia la dipendenza senza sostanze, qualcosa che dovrebbe avere a che fare più con la psicologia che con la patologia, ma pare che l’approccio psicologico non dia i risultati sperati, perché tali comportamenti presentano le stesse caratteristiche della dipendenza fisiologica da sostanze: l’evoluzione ad escalation della cattiva abitudine, il malessere che subentra nell’interrompere il comportamento, l’incapacità di temperare tali impulsi… e pertanto l’unica opzione che resta è trattare questi comportamenti come malattie vere e proprie, con adeguate terapie farmacologiche.

Personalmente sono contro ogni forma di approccio chimico ai problemi dell’anima, quindi non suggerirei mai e poi mai alle mie amiche di cui sopra di farsi prescrivere qualche farmaco di nuova generazione dal loro medico per riuscire a comprendere quanto è insidioso il sentiero che stanno percorrendo… ciò non toglie che bisogna ammettere che nessun approccio di tipo umanistico è realmente in grado di frenare comportamenti sociali, neppure quando incredibilmente stupidi o alienanti o distruttivi, se questi affondano le radici nello spirito del tempo.

Ad esempio, a limitare l’uso dell’automobile non sono stati i dati allarmanti sull’inquinamento; la devastazione dei centri storici che è sotto gli occhi di tutti; l’aumento spropositato di strade, autostrade e parcheggi a discapito di aree verdi e ambienti naturali; il numeri di morti e feriti in incidenti pari a quello di una guerra mondiale; la consapevolezza che intorno al petrolio ruotano alcuni dei più efferati crimini contro l’umanità… a limitare l’uso dell’automobile è stato l’aumento del prezzo della benzina: è solo il fatto che un litro di benzina costi veramente tanto che ha scoraggiato gli individui dal ricorrere all’auto per ogni spostamento.

Gli imperativi rivolti all’etica, alla morale, alla solidarietà, all’ecologia, e a tante altre belle ideologie servono a poco o nulla ai fini del ridimensionamento degli aspetti insidiosi della modernità. Anche essere iperattivi nei social network, fintanto  che sarà coerente con il modello sociale in voga, pur essendo una grave forma di riduzione del Sé e una patologia socio-sintonica, impedirà alle persone di percepirsi come portatrici di un disturbo, di un problema, di un deficit affettivo… “Il vivere all’interno di una cornice culturale e di una pressione sociale dove governano l’immediatezza, l’apparenza, il “vincere facile”, il “qui e ora”, non può e non poteva che portare a forme di patologie coerenti e governate dalla incapacità/impossibilità di contenersi, dalla necessità di soddisfare ogni desiderio e piacere”, fa notare Mauro Croce (1).

Fra le nuove pulsioni create da questo modello sociale c’è l’ossessione per il riconoscimento sociale. Oggi molto più che in passato le persone vogliono essere notate, vogliono essere ammirate e desiderate, vogliono essere sempre al centro dell’attenzione. Perché? Perché sì. Perché questo è riconosciuto come il principale parametro sociale per misurare il proprio valore, e questa idea si è infiltrata talmente in profondità che persino l’autocoscienza e la percezione di sé si basa più sulla visibilità sociale che sulla propria vita reale.

Non è più una questione di narcisismo o di volontà di potere, siamo andati oltre, sta diventando una questione di valori esistenziali, la sorgente da cui scaturiscono le motivazioni per continuare a vivere; ovvero non è più solo una parte della popolazione ad agire (sgomitando, vendendosi, corrompendo…) per cercare di salire quanto più in alto possibile nella scala gerarchica basata su soldi, fama e potere, ma ora questa aspirazione si è diffusa anche fra le persone normali, nate senza una ipertrofia dell’ego.

La spettacolarizzazione del corpus sociale ha fatto credere che non esistono alternative, che non ci sono altre vie: visibilità e autostima coincidono; il successo legato alla visibilità attesta che la propria vita ha un senso, mentre senza visibilità vengono meno anche le motivazioni per agire e il motore che spinge il nostro essere rallenta, perde giri…

Chi potere e successo ce l’ha davvero lo lottizza e lo monopolizza; chi invece non ce l’ha lo simula, per esempio con l’attivismo compulsivo in rete; adottando qualsiasi prodotto o stile di vita che rappresenta la tendenza del momento; consumando la produzione (commerciale ma anche culturale) dei personaggi mediatici e delle star sulla cresta dell’onda… questi sono tutti tentativi di far credere a sé stessi e agli altri che non si è emarginati, che si ha uno spessore sociale rilevante e dunque un alto potenziale intellettuale, che si è proprio al centro del flusso degli eventi, che non si è insomma degli invisibili, degli sfigati.

Essere modaioli non è un complimento e a nessuno piace riconoscersi come tale, eppure allontanarsi dalle mode sociali dominanti risulta impossibile a molti, perché lo avvertono come una perdita di significato della propria vita, e perdendo questo perdono anche la voglia di viverla. Si arriva persino all’eccesso: se i media danno la notizia di un suicidio, ovvero lo spettacolarizzano, subito dopo c’è un picco degli emuli, soprattutto fra i giovani, che subiscono il fascino della glamourisation del gesto suicidale.

“Viviamo nella dimensione dell’anticipazione dei desideri. I desideri non nascono più da pulsioni interne, ma dalla scelta delle soluzioni fornite dall’esterno. Viviamo nell’eccesso: eccesso di mezzi, di strumenti, di ignoranza. Il risultato è incomprensione della realtà, incomprensione di noi stessi, incomprensione.” dice Claudio Misculin, artista che lavorando con i matti ha orizzonti mentali assai più aperti di chiunque altro (2).

Il grande inganno di quest’epoca è dunque proprio questo: quanto più si adottano gli stili di vita dominanti, tanto più si è in grado di dare un significato alla propria vita.

E se le tendenze sociali dicono che il modello vincente è uno e uno soltanto (per esempio: giovane, magro, bello, ricco, famoso…) non c’è scampo alla disillusione di sé e alla perdita di motivazione esistenziale quando da tale modello si è lontani (non meglio, non peggio: lontani), e questo accade nella stragrande maggioranza dei casi, perché la natura non è così stupida da farci tutti uguali.

È il principio di fondo della teoria ariana nazionalsocialista: gli ariani sono la razza vincente, tutte le altre sono perdenti e come tali inutili, da scartare, da eliminare, da incenerire…

In un mondo in cui solo una minima parte sono alti, biondi e con gli occhi azzurri bisognerebbe impedire che passi l’idea che le opportunità debbano essere date solo a quelli alti, biondi e con gli occhi azzurri. Invece è esattamente quello che è accaduto in quest’epoca. Gli “attributi ariani” oggi hanno a che fare più con il riconoscimento sociale che con il colore degli occhi, più con la visibilità mediatica che con la forma degli zigomi… ma la sostanza non cambia: i non-ariani sono isolati, allontanati dai salotti nobili della società, deprivati di qualsiasi opportunità a cui pure avrebbero diritto in virtù dei loro meriti effettivi per far spazio ai membri che appartengono alla giusta “razza”: i parenti di, gli iscritti a, gli amici di, gli appartenenti a, i confratelli con..

Per tutti gli altri, ossia per il 99% della popolazione, non c’è posto nella vita sociale e culturale del Paese, non importa quali meriti e talenti abbiano: si accomodino pure su Facebook per favore, e non rompano i coglioni.

Aver concesso a delle èlite di governare la società, significa aver lasciato che si formasse una società su base elitaria. Oggi questo boomerang sta tornando indietro e gli effetti sono che la solitudine e il tedium vitae stanno diffondendosi a macchia d’olio, e non perché sono le pulsioni più forti dell’animo umano, bensì perché sono stati annichiliti i loro naturali antidoti: la capacità di provare interesse per il mondo circostante, di coltivare una rete relazionale locale, di sopportare un po’ di fatica e sofferenza (inevitabili e congenite alla natura stessa della vita), di accettarsi per come si è, di trarre piacere da ciò di cui disponiamo realmente… insomma l’incapacità di vivere nella realtà.

E non a caso uno dei business più fiorenti in quest’epoca di smarrimento è qualcosa che vent’anni fa neppure il più cinico profeta del futuro avrebbe potuto immaginare: i social network, ossia un nuovo mercato che gestisce le relazioni sociali e amicali. Questo mostra chiaramente ciò che Jean Baudrillard ha indicato essere la conseguenza più grave della postmodernità: l’uccisione del reale.

Chi ha abbassato la guardia e si è lasciato sedurre dagli abili manipolatori sociali, ora si trova senza le naturali risorse di rigenerazione del Sé di cui l’anima – ogni anima – dispone, e compie il primo passo verso quelle che il filosofo canadese Ian Hacking ha definito “malattie mentali transitorie”, ossia comportamenti deviati non a causa di una effettiva patologia insita nell’individuo, ma della sua incapacità a sottrarsi a condizioni di vita contestuali e storiche che generano, appunto, stati mentali patologici. Ripristinando una condizione equilibrata di vita, si ripristina la salute mentale del soggetto.

Bene, ora la domandona finale: come fare a ripristinare condizioni di vita salutari e appaganti – almeno per sé se non per l’intera comunità – che inducano spontaneamente ad allontanarsi dalle patologie sociali e riappropriarsi della propria identità?

Note

1 – “Consuma senza limiti, ma con moderazione”, di Mauro Croce, pubblicato sul numero 255 agosto/settembre 2011 di “Animazione Sociale”.

2 – Tratto da “Noi, gli errori che permettono la vostra intelligenza” di Claudio Misculin, pubblicato su “Communitas” n. 12/2006.

Originalmente pubblicato su Ellin Selae n. 107

L’ideologia della macchina

L’ideologia della macchina

This is a guest post only in Italian.

Ospito con piacere un estratto dall’ultimo libro di Enrico Manicardi, “L’ultima era”, pubblicato da Mimemis Edizioni, acquistabile anche presso il sito www.enricomanicardi.it

«La tecnologia che promette di liberarci in realtà ci rende schiavi regolando le nostre attività in, e attraverso, lavoro e tempo libero; macchine e fabbriche inquinano i nostri ambienti e distruggono i nostri corpi; i loro prodotti ci offrono l’immagine della vita reale invece della sua sostanza»  Aufeben, n.4, estate 1995.

Nel mondo delle macchine, stiamo diventano macchine a nostra volta. Come tanti automi telecomandati siamo chiamati soltanto a seguire le istruzioni che ci vengono impartite e ad adempiere ai comandi imposti. In un concetto, dice bene Umberto Galimberti, nel mondo delle macchine siamo tutti chiamati a funzionare, proprio come funzionano le macchine.

Non c’è un dittatore umano che ci costringa a trasformarci in congegni dal rendimento utile, è la mentalità che abbiamo acquisito che ci dirige: la nostra educazione, la nostra istruzione, la nostra accettata libertà vigilata, i nostri sbrigativi rapporti con gli altri (e con noi stessi), la nostra indotta convinzione di non poter fare altrimenti. L’inganno che ci confina al ruolo di cinghie di trasmissione del Grande Motore, trova nell’ideologia della Macchina la sua stessa natura svelata, persino etimologicamente.

Il termine “macchina”, notava Remo Bodei (1), deriva proprio dalla parola greca mechané, che significa “inganno”, “artificio”, “astuzia”. «Testimonianza dell’antica illusione che si possa trasformare l’ambiente eludendone le leggi» (2), la macchina è il risultato della manipolazione della Natura finalizzata a sovvertirne il corso per porla al servizio degli scopi stabiliti dagli umani. «Preposta alla costruzione di entità artificiali, di trappole tese alla natura per catturarne l’energia e volgerla in direzione dei vantaggi e dei capricci degli uomini», la macchina appartiene «al regno dell’astuzia e di ciò che è “contro natura”», ne ha concluso il celebre filosofo della scienza italiano (3). Leggi tuttoL’ideologia della macchina

L’ideologia della macchina

Cybersocialità: la morte della socialità

This is a guest post in Italian only. The English version will be available in the future.

Oggi ospito un intervento/appello di Enrico Manicardi, che ho avuto modo di conoscere l’estate scorsa e di apprezzare la lettura del suo libro Liberi dalla Civiltà, un’opera importante che traccia le radici della civilta’ e la nostra dipendenza dalla tecnologia. Ivo Quartiroli

Cybersocialità: la morte della socialità di Enrico Manicardi

Parlare degli effetti che i social network hanno sulla vita moderna vuol dire parlare degli effetti della virtualizzazione della socialità. Dopo la virtualizzazione dell’esperienza personale trasfusa nell’epica della narrativa, dopo la virtualizzazione delle immagini portata dalla tecnologia ottica (fotografia, cinema, animazione), dopo la virtualizzazione della partecipazione sociale operata dalla politica (delega di poteri, farsa elettorale, appelli alle autorità), l’invasione del tecno-modo ci delizia della sua più recente conquista: la virtualizzazione della relazione.

Perché darsi la pena di far crescere rapporti personali quando è possibile, con un semplice “click”, trovare sempre qualcuno pronto ad interloquire con noi? Perché darsi la pena di parlare con il vicino di casa quando è possibile parlare con chiunque, nel mondo, connettendosi semplicemente ad Internet? Perché darsi la pena di mettere in piedi una serata conviviale con gli amici quando è possibile scandagliare migliaia di “eventi” già pronti e aderire quello più trendy?

L’esaurimento di tutto ciò che è vivo, reale, e il suo rimpiazzo con un’esistenza nella macchina, ci dice che il mondo in cui viviamo è sempre più sterile, impoverito, privo di calore. La tecnologia, con la sua promessa di ampliare le potenzialità umane, esercita in realtà l’effetto opposto: le esaurisce, le atrofizza, le spegne. E soprattutto impedisce ogni confronto tra ciò che essa mette a disposizione e ciò che toglie: interloquire con gli sconosciuti, appunto, invece di parlare negli occhi a qualcuno; numerare gli amici di Facebook invece di godere delle amicizie del cuore; aderire agli eventi programmati invece di creare convivialità.

L’invasione della tecnologia nel campo della socialità non è da meno. Non sono molti anni che i social network si sono diffusi nel mondo, eppure il termine “comunità” ha già perso tutta la sua carica vitale per trasformarsi in qualcosa di asettico e funzionale alla potenza della Macchina: comunità non è più quell’insieme di persone legate da vincoli solidaristici e di condivisione della vita, ma una rete di telecomunicazione e di sviluppo dei nuovi media.

Nel tecno-mondo non c’è posto per ciò che è umano, ma solo per ciò che è adattabile ai valori del tecno-mondo, ai suoi meccanismi di funzionamento, al suo potere. La planetarizzazione della tecnologia non svilupperà mai alcuna socialità, ma solo una “nuova” socialità che sarà sempre meno una socialità e sempre più una meccanica di relazione. La socialità morirà perché più saremo convinti che basti accendere un computer per essere “in contatto” con il mondo, più perderemo la capacità di accorgerci che nel computer non c’è il mondo ma un mondo: quello finto, programmato, spettacolarizzato e inconsistente della realtà virtuale.

E infatti, più dilagano i social network, più si spopolano i luoghi della socialità reale: le campagne, i cortili, le piazze, le strade. La gente non manifesta più, non si confronta più, non dibatte più su nulla. I bambini non giocano più tra loro ma da soli, appiccicati a monitor e a schermi digitali. Aumentano i nuclei monofamigliari, gli adulti non si fermano più fare quattro chiacchiere coi confinanti e persino gli anziani si divertono a chattare nella solitudine del loro sempre più crescente isolamento. Nel mondo della socialità telematica tutto cresce tranne la socialità: siamo sempre più soli, segregati, separati gli uni dagli altri, da noi stessi, dal nostro ambiente ecologico.

Dobbiamo riprenderci la nostra vita reale: quella immersa nel calore di relazioni vive e sensuali; quella che ci restituisce lo splendore di un’alba mattutina e i colori del mare, i canti della Terra, i sapori della vita e le sue avventure (e disavventure); quella che ci rende consapevoli di noi stessi e dunque anche responsabili verso gli altri, non indifferenti. Quella insomma che ci invita a spegnere computer, videotelefoni, iPad, iPod, iPhone e ci rimette a parlare con i nostri cari, ad abbracciare i nostri conoscenti, a baciare i nostri amici e compagni e a desiderare di essere persone reali e non “nickname”. Esseri umani, dunque, non macchine.

Enrico Manicardi è autore di Liberi dalla Civiltà.

The Digitally Divided Self: Relinquishing our Awareness to the Internet

The Digitally Divided SelfThe Digitally Divided Self: Relinquishing our Awareness to the Internet is on Amazon.

ISBN 9788897233008
274 Pages – Format: 6″ x 9″ – $17.90 (discounted on Amazon)

It is nearly half a century since Marshall McLuhan pointed out that the medium is the message. In the interim, digital technologies have found an irresistible hook on our minds. With the soul’s quest for the infinite usurped by the ego’s desire for unlimited power, the Internet and social media have stepped in to fill our deepest needs for communication, knowledge and creativity – even intimacy and sexuality. Without being grounded in those human qualities which are established through experience and inner exploration, we are vulnerable to being seduced into outsourcing our minds and our fragile identities.

Intersecting media studies, psychology and spirituality, The Digitally Divided Self exposes the nature of the malleable mind and explores the religious and philosophical influences which leave it obsessed with the incessant flow of information.

I am deeply touched and extremely grateful to the people who took the time to read, support and endorse The Digitally Divided Self. Being my first English book, and basically self-published, I didn’t expect to receive many reviews, much less from such leading thinkers and writers – nor such positive responses.

It was also a surprise to find common interests around eastern spirituality with so many people into technology and media. This makes me hopeful for an evolution of the information society – from chasing external stimulation to inner explorations and silence.

Detailed table of contents, introduction and chapter 1.

Order on Amazon.

Praise for Digitally Divided Self

 “Quartiroli’s The Digitally Divided Self is a must read for anyone seeking to understand the ever-increasing hegemony of the digital world in the individual psyche. Drawing on diverse fields and traditions, the author analyzes numerous mechanisms by which IT separates us from ourselves. Readers stand to benefit from such an understanding that is a prerequisite for mounting a defense of one’s individuality.” —Len Bracken, author of several novels and the biography Guy Debord—Revolutionary

 ­“With great insight, Ivo Quartiroli captures the subtle as well as the gross impact that media use has on our individual and collective psyches. The challenge before all of us is how to adapt to the new technology in a healthy way that allows us to retain our essential humanity. He offers us a solution born of his experience and confirmed by neuroscience. This is a must read.” —Hilarie Cash, PhD, co-founder of reSTART: Internet Addiction Recovery Program

 “It is difficult to offer a spiritually based critique of today’s network culture without sounding like a nostalgic Luddite crank. Immersed in the tech, but also in various meditative traditions, Ivo Quartiroli is the perfect person to offer integral wisdom-tech with clarity and bite.” —Erik Davis, author of Techgnosis and Nomad Codes: Adventures in Modern Esoterica.

  “Aware of the profound and rapid psychological and social metamorphosis we are going through as we ‘go digital’ without paying attention, Ivo Quartiroli is telling us very precisely what we are gaining and what we are losing of the qualities and privileges that, glued as we are to one screen or another, we take for granted in our emotional, cognitive and spiritual life. This book is a wake-up call. Steve Jobs and Bill Gates should read it.” —Derrick de Kerckhove, Professor, Facoltà di sociologia, Università Federico II, Naples, former Director of the McLuhan Program in Culture and Technology.

 “The Digitally Divided Self alerts us about the insidious dangers of our growing dependence on Information Technology. Ivo Quartiroli warns us that Internet can easily develop into an addiction that undercuts our connections with nature, with other people, and with our deeper inner reality. The spiritual nourishment coming from genuine relationships is then replaced by the empty calories of fake relationships, with the resulting deterioration of our personal and social lives. Using an incisive style, Ivo Quartiroli can be provocative, iconoclastic, at times exaggerated, but never boring. Behind each observation there are pearls of wisdom that are guaranteed to make you think.” Federico Faggin, designer of the microprocessor.

 “Global culture is not only the latest step in the human evolutionary journey. It is also, as Ivo Quartiroli shows in The Digitally Divided Self, a critical opportunity to apply non-Western techniques of awareness to ensure healthy survival in the 21st century.” —Michael Heim, author of The Metaphysics of Virtual Reality, Virtual Realism, and Electric Language.

 “Question the merits of technology in the past and you’d be called a Luddite. But now technologists are leading the way toward a new, more balanced view of our gadget-driven lives. Drawing from his fascinating expertise in computer science and spirituality, Ivo Quartiroli presents a compelling critique of the corrosive impact of the Net on our humanity. It’s a warning we must heed.” —Maggie Jackson, author of Distracted: The Erosion of Attention and the Coming Dark Age.

“A profoundly premonitory vision of the future of the 21st century, The Digitally Divided Self unlocks the great codes of technological society, namely that the very same digital forces that effectively control the shape and direction of the human destiny are also the founding powers of a new revolution of the human spirit.” —Arthur Kroker, author of The Will to Technology and Canada Research Chair in Technology, Culture and Theory.

 “People today, especially young people, live more on the Internet than in the real world. This has subtle and not-so-subtle effects on their thinking and personality. It is high time to review these effects, to see whether they are a smooth highway to a bright interconnected future, or possibly a deviation that could endanger health and wellbeing for the individual as well as for society. Ivo Quartiroli undertakes to produce this review and does so with deep understanding and dedicated humanism. His book should be read by everyone, whether he or she is addicted to the Internet or has second thoughts about it.” —Ervin Laszlo, President, the Club of Budapest, and Chancellor, the Giordano Bruno Globalshift University.

 “The Mind-Body Split is a pervasive condition/affliction in the developed world, wholly un-recognized; yet fundamental to the great worldwide problems of health, environment, and economic inequity. Ivo Quartiroli’s Digitally Divided Self masterfully examines the effects of the insulated digital experience on the mind and the body self: exacerbating illusions and the Mind-Body Split; and contrasts it to the processes of self-discovery, growth, and healing: true inter-connectedness with nature, each other, and our selves. If the digital age is to solve our real problems, rather than create them, it will be with the knowledge contained in The Digitally Divided Self. Well done!” —Frederic Lowen, son of Alexander Lowen, Executive Director, The Alexander Lowen Foundation

 “Ivo Quartiroli here addresses one of the most pressing questions forced upon us by our latest technologies. In disturbing the deepest relations between the user’s faculties and the surrounding world, our electric media, all of them without exception, create profound disorientation and subsequent discord, personal and cultural. Few subjects today demand greater scrutiny.” — Dr. Eric McLuhan, Author and Lecturer

 “The internet is an extension of our central nervous system. When you operate a computer, you are extending yourself, through its interface, potentially all over the world, instantaneously. Extending yourself in such a disembodied, discarnate fashion only further entrenches your separateness, your ego self. In contrast, the introspective freeing from the physical through meditation also has the effect of creating a discarnate, disembodied state. That state is one that is progressively less identified with the ego self. This is the dichotomy that Ivo Quartiroli explores in The Digitally Divided Self. This book is well worth investigating.” —Michael McLuhan

 “We should all be asking the questions Ivo Quartiroli asks in this bold and provocative book. Whatever you think right now about technology, The Digitally Divided Self will challenge you to think again.” —William Powers, author of the New York Times bestseller Hamlet’s BlackBerry

 “It isn’t easy to find an informed and critical look at the impact of digital media practices on human lives and minds. Ivo Quartiroli offers an informed critique based in both an understanding of technology and of human consciousness.” —Howard Rheingold, author of The Virtual Community and Smart Mobs.

 “Ivo Quartiroli is mining the rich liminal territory between humans and their networks. With the integrity of a scientist and the passion of artist, he forces us to reconsider where we end and technology begins. Or when.” —Douglas Rushkoff, Media Theorist and author of Cyberia, Media Virus, Life, Inc. and Program or Be Programmed.

 “You might find what he writes to be challenging, irritating, even blasphemous and sacrilegious. If so, he has proven his point. The Internet, Ivo suggests, might just be the new opium of the masses. Agree with him or not, no other book to date brings together the multitude of issues related to how the seductions of technology impinge upon and affect the development of the self and soul.” —Michael Wesch, Associate Professor of Digital Ethnography, Kansas State University

 The Digitally Divided Self is a refreshing look at technology that goes beyond the standard, well-worn critiques. Ivo Quartiroli charts new territory with a series of profound reflections on the intersections of computer science, psychology and spirituality.” —Micah White, Senior Editor at Adbusters magazine.

Detailed table of contents, introduction and chapter 1.

Order on Amazon.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: From Awareness of technology to technologies of Awareness .. 1
Chapter 2:“It’s only a tool” .. 17
Chapter 3: The Roots of It .. 39
Chapter 4: The Digitization of Reality .. 53
Chapter 5: Intimacy and Sexuality.. 73
Chapter 6: Commoditizing and Monetizing.. 89
Chapter 7: Politics, Participation and Control .. 97
Chapter 8: Come together: the Rise of Social networks.. 115
Chapter 9: Digital Kids ..125
Chapter 10: Literacy and the Analytical Mind.. 133
Chapter 11: Lost in the Current .. 143
Chapter 12: The Digitally Divided Self.. 165
Chapter 13: The Process of Knowledge .. 189
Chapter 14: Upgrading to Heaven .. 205
Chapter 15: Biting the Snake.. 223
Appendix: The People of Contemporary It and what Drives them.. 233

Introduction

Like many people nowadays, much of my personal and professional life is related to technology: I use the Internet for keeping the connection with my work projects and friends wherever I am in the world. I published the first book in Italy about the Internet. I run a blog and a Web magazine, do my investments online, shop on the Net, do interviews by email and Skype, and have even indulged in cybersex. Right now I’m in Asia developing this book – which is full of references to Web articles, blogs and material found only on the Internet – with online support: an editor and writing coach in California, copy editor in India, book designer in Italy, and a printing and distribution service with multiple locations in USA. My life is immersed in the digital loop.

I have been involved in IT since I was a student. As I learned meditation and explored spiritual paths, I developed an inner observer and discovered states beyond the mind. Thus, I found myself going back and forth between processing consciousness and information. Slowly my focus has shifted from what we can do with technology to what technology does to us. As a first-hand explorer, I’ve observed the subtle changes of our massive use of the Net.

Just as a spiritual researcher can go beyond the mind only after having observed and mastered it, it is necessary to enter the digital world to step beyond it. We can’t become aware of its effects without being engaged in it. Since digital technology is unavoidable now, we need to master it without becoming lost in it, using its tools with our full awareness.

In this time, the intensification of mental inputs is a phenomenon that must be kept in balance. Our contemporary culture does not acknowledge anything beyond the mind, but in other traditions the mental world is just one of the aspects of our wholeness. In the West a sort of Cartesian “pure thinking” has been given priority. Although the mind is the best-known organ of thought, it is not the only cognitive modality. Nervous systems have been discovered both in the heart and in the belly, and the global awareness that can be accessed by spiritual practitioners is pervasive and non-localized. Yet these modalities cannot be represented digitally, so they are relegated to the sidelines.

Our technological society militates against uninterrupted conscious attention. Several authors have documented the effects of IT on attention, literacy and intellectual skills. It also intrudes on the silent time needed to be aware of inner transformations. We don’t realize we have become servomechanisms of IT – precisely because IT has weakened the inner skills of self-understanding. Shrinking of the rich range of human qualities to privilege only those which can be represented and operated digitally arises from the nature of the ego-mind and our particular Western history which has engendered – then valued – mental representations of reality. My focus here is to understand why the mind can be lured by the magic of the tools, while forgetting the person who is using them.

We believe we are empowered individually and politically as we post articles on our blogs and participate in social networks. In actuality, we feed the machine with our “user-generated content” which becomes candy for advertisers who then design ads based on what we say on Twitter, Facebook, and even our emails.

Jumping from information to self-understanding is necessary if we are to regain real freedom, a freedom from conditioning of our mind and the manipulation by information – whether self-created or from external sources. We mistake the transmission of gigabytes of data for freedom.

In our advanced technological society there is a reticence to acknowledge the inner, spiritual or metaphysical dimensions of life. What cannot be calculated – which is, thereby, “not objective” – is considered unworthy of investigation. Even more strongly denied is the relationship between technology and the impact on our psyche. Technophiles declare that it’s only a tool, as if our psyche could remain untouched by continuous interaction with digital media, and as if we could control its impact on us. We can indeed be in control of digital media – but only after we become fluent in those cognitive modalities which can’t be reached by such media.

To be unaffected by digital media, we need a Buddha-like awareness with sustained attention, mindfulness and introspection. Yet these very qualities which are needed to break out of the automated mind are especially difficult to access when we are drowning in information – information that is predominantly ephemeral and transient, and which lacks a broader narrative. Awareness is what gives meaning and depth to information, but for awareness to expand we need to empty our mind. A story will illustrate this. A university professor approached a master to learn about Zen. Tea was served, but when the cup was full, the master did not stop pouring. The cup, like the professor’s mind with its concepts and positions, was full. It must first be emptied to understand Zen. So, too, for the digital world.

The world over, people using the Internet click on the same icons, use the same shortcuts in email and chats, connect with people through the same Facebook modalities. This is the globalization of minds. In the process of the digitization of reality, regardless of content, we use predominantly the same limited mental channels and interact with the same tools. We bring the same attitudes, gestures and procedures to working, dating, shopping, communicating with friends, sexual arousal, and scientific research. And most of these activities are impoverished by this phenomenon. Everything is seen as an information system, from the digitization of territory (like Google Earth and augmented realities software) to our biology.

Judeo-Christian culture places nature and the world of matter at man’s disposal. Acting on them is a way to garner good deeds and regain the lost perfection of Eden. In this culture that has considered miracles as proof of the existence of God, we have developed technologies that resemble the miraculous and the divine. We are compelled to welcome the advent of new technological tools with the rhetoric of peace, progress, prosperity and mutual understanding.

The telegraph, telephone, radio, TV and other media have been regarded as tools for democracy, world peace, understanding and freedom of expression. The Internet is just the latest in a succession of promising messiahs. Yet we don’t have more democracy in the world. In fact, big media and big powers are even stronger, while freedom of expression has ceded to control by corporations and governmental agencies. The Internet, like TV, will be entertaining, dumbing people in their own separate homes where they will be unable to question the system. The Internet might already be the new soma for a society experiencing economic and environmental degradation. But with the huge economic interests connected to it, criticizing its effect is akin to cursing God.

Many technological developments appeal to people because they answer psychological and even spiritual needs – like the quests for understanding and connection with others. Already digital technology has taken charge of truth and love – the drives which are distinctly human. Those primordial needs have been addressed, on the mental level, with information. Reflected only at that level, our soul is left empty with craving for the real qualities, and our mind is left restless, craving more information and chasing after satisfaction in vain.

The need to extend our possibilities through technology derives from the need to recover parts of ourself that were lost during the development of our soul – the states of sharp perception, fulfillment, and peace. Information technology (IT) also satisfies our ancient drives for power and control, even giving us several options with a simple click or touch of a finger.

The endless multiplication of information can keep the ego-mind busy – and thus at the center of the show. IT is the most powerful mental “pusher” ever created, feeding the duality of the ego-mind (which is symbolically mirrored by binary technology). More than TV whose attractions are framed between the beginning and ending time of a show, the Internet, video games, and smartphones have no structural pauses or endings. Hooked on a “real-time” stream of information, they take us farther away from both the real and the appropriate time frames.

The computer charms us by reflecting our mind on the Net. Like Narcissus, we mistake the reflected image and enter a closed loop, charmed by our reflection. The Internet, since the beginning, has been considered a technology which could crumble central governments and organizations. Perhaps that forecast was an external projection of what can happen inside us: disturbance of the integration of our psyches.

Meditation helps us recognize that we construct reality and that the mind leads us astray. Meditation is a path back to reality, to truth, to knowing and mastering our minds – instead of mastering the computer as a way to outsource our mind’s skills. It is a way to expand our awareness and join the other global “Net” – of awareness that permeates everything.

Though I am Italian, I am publishing this book for the English market because it is a post-digital book which can be better appreciated in countries where digital culture has spread throughout society. In Italy, one politically powerful tycoon owns most of the media, and uses it to demonize the Net. In that setting, being critical of the Net invokes the accusation of aligning with power to castrate freedom of expression, which is the polar opposite of my intention.

I welcome every medium which expands our chances of expressing ourselves, but I am aware that true self-expression can happen only when there’s a true self, which can hardly be shaped by screen media.

I am grateful to my spiritual teachers who opened new dimensions for my soul in my journey toward awareness, especially the intensity of Osho and the brilliant clarity of A. H. Almaas. I thank my copy editor Dhiren Bahl (www.WordsWay-Copyediting.com) for his painstaking corrections of my English text and my editor David Carr (www.MovingWords.us) for his clarifications and stylistic improvements. I’m grateful to my friends, too many to list here, for the numerous talks bringing together heart and mind in sharing our passion for truth.

Detailed table of contents, introduction and chapter 1.

Order on Amazon.

The Digitally Divided SelfThe Digitally Divided Self: Relinquishing our Awareness to the Internet is on Amazon.

ISBN 9788897233008
274 Pages – Format: 6″ x 9″ – $17.90

It is nearly half a century since Marshall McLuhan pointed out that the medium is the message. In the interim, digital technologies have found an irresistible hook on our minds. With the soul’s quest for the infinite usurped by the ego’s desire for unlimited power, the Internet and social media have stepped in to fill our deepest needs for communication, knowledge and creativity – even intimacy and sexuality. Without being grounded in those human qualities which are established through experience and inner exploration, we are vulnerable to being seduced into outsourcing our minds and our fragile identities.

Intersecting media studies, psychology and spirituality, The Digitally Divided Self exposes the nature of the malleable mind and explores the religious and philosophical influences which leave it obsessed with the incessant flow of information.

I am deeply touched and extremely grateful to the people who took the time to read, support and endorse The Digitally Divided Self. Being my first English book, and basically self-published, I didn’t expect to receive many reviews, much less from such leading thinkers and writers – nor such positive responses.

It was also a surprise to find common interests around eastern spirituality with so many people into technology and media. This makes me hopeful for an evolution of the information society – from chasing external stimulation to inner explorations and silence.

Order on Amazon.

Praise for Digitally Divided Self

 “Quartiroli’s The Digitally Divided Self is a must read for anyone seeking to understand the ever-increasing hegemony of the digital world in the individual psyche. Drawing on diverse fields and traditions, the author analyzes numerous mechanisms by which IT separates us from ourselves. Readers stand to benefit from such an understanding that is a prerequisite for mounting a defense of one’s individuality.” —Len Bracken, author of several novels and the biography Guy Debord—Revolutionary

 ­“With great insight, Ivo Quartiroli captures the subtle as well as the gross impact that media use has on our individual and collective psyches. The challenge before all of us is how to adapt to the new technology in a healthy way that allows us to retain our essential humanity. He offers us a solution born of his experience and confirmed by neuroscience. This is a must read.” —Hilarie Cash, PhD, co-founder of reSTART: Internet Addiction Recovery Program

 “It is difficult to offer a spiritually based critique of today’s network culture without sounding like a nostalgic Luddite crank. Immersed in the tech, but also in various meditative traditions, Ivo Quartiroli is the perfect person to offer integral wisdom-tech with clarity and bite.” —Erik Davis, author of Techgnosis and Nomad Codes: Adventures in Modern Esoterica.

  “Aware of the profound and rapid psychological and social metamorphosis we are going through as we ‘go digital’ without paying attention, Ivo Quartiroli is telling us very precisely what we are gaining and what we are losing of the qualities and privileges that, glued as we are to one screen or another, we take for granted in our emotional, cognitive and spiritual life. This book is a wake-up call. Steve Jobs and Bill Gates should read it.” —Derrick de Kerckhove, Professor, Facoltà di sociologia, Università Federico II, Naples, former Director of the McLuhan Program in Culture and Technology.

 “The Digitally Divided Self alerts us about the insidious dangers of our growing dependence on Information Technology. Ivo Quartiroli warns us that Internet can easily develop into an addiction that undercuts our connections with nature, with other people, and with our deeper inner reality. The spiritual nourishment coming from genuine relationships is then replaced by the empty calories of fake relationships, with the resulting deterioration of our personal and social lives. Using an incisive style, Ivo Quartiroli can be provocative, iconoclastic, at times exaggerated, but never boring. Behind each observation there are pearls of wisdom that are guaranteed to make you think.” Federico Faggin, designer of the microprocessor.

 “Global culture is not only the latest step in the human evolutionary journey. It is also, as Ivo Quartiroli shows in The Digitally Divided Self, a critical opportunity to apply non-Western techniques of awareness to ensure healthy survival in the 21st century.” —Michael Heim, author of The Metaphysics of Virtual Reality, Virtual Realism, and Electric Language.

 “Question the merits of technology in the past and you’d be called a Luddite. But now technologists are leading the way toward a new, more balanced view of our gadget-driven lives. Drawing from his fascinating expertise in computer science and spirituality, Ivo Quartiroli presents a compelling critique of the corrosive impact of the Net on our humanity. It’s a warning we must heed.” —Maggie Jackson, author of Distracted: The Erosion of Attention and the Coming Dark Age.

“A profoundly premonitory vision of the future of the 21st century, The Digitally Divided Self unlocks the great codes of technological society, namely that the very same digital forces that effectively control the shape and direction of the human destiny are also the founding powers of a new revolution of the human spirit.” —Arthur Kroker, author of The Will to Technology and Canada Research Chair in Technology, Culture and Theory.

 “People today, especially young people, live more on the Internet than in the real world. This has subtle and not-so-subtle effects on their thinking and personality. It is high time to review these effects, to see whether they are a smooth highway to a bright interconnected future, or possibly a deviation that could endanger health and wellbeing for the individual as well as for society. Ivo Quartiroli undertakes to produce this review and does so with deep understanding and dedicated humanism. His book should be read by everyone, whether he or she is addicted to the Internet or has second thoughts about it.” —Ervin Laszlo, President, the Club of Budapest, and Chancellor, the Giordano Bruno Globalshift University.

 “The Mind-Body Split is a pervasive condition/affliction in the developed world, wholly un-recognized; yet fundamental to the great worldwide problems of health, environment, and economic inequity. Ivo Quartiroli’s Digitally Divided Self masterfully examines the effects of the insulated digital experience on the mind and the body self: exacerbating illusions and the Mind-Body Split; and contrasts it to the processes of self-discovery, growth, and healing: true inter-connectedness with nature, each other, and our selves. If the digital age is to solve our real problems, rather than create them, it will be with the knowledge contained in The Digitally Divided Self. Well done!” —Frederic Lowen, son of Alexander Lowen, Executive Director, The Alexander Lowen Foundation

 “Ivo Quartiroli here addresses one of the most pressing questions forced upon us by our latest technologies. In disturbing the deepest relations between the user’s faculties and the surrounding world, our electric media, all of them without exception, create profound disorientation and subsequent discord, personal and cultural. Few subjects today demand greater scrutiny.” — Dr. Eric McLuhan, Author and Lecturer

 “The internet is an extension of our central nervous system. When you operate a computer, you are extending yourself, through its interface, potentially all over the world, instantaneously. Extending yourself in such a disembodied, discarnate fashion only further entrenches your separateness, your ego self. In contrast, the introspective freeing from the physical through meditation also has the effect of creating a discarnate, disembodied state. That state is one that is progressively less identified with the ego self. This is the dichotomy that Ivo Quartiroli explores in The Digitally Divided Self. This book is well worth investigating.” —Michael McLuhan

 “We should all be asking the questions Ivo Quartiroli asks in this bold and provocative book. Whatever you think right now about technology, The Digitally Divided Self will challenge you to think again.” —William Powers, author of the New York Times bestseller Hamlet’s BlackBerry

 “It isn’t easy to find an informed and critical look at the impact of digital media practices on human lives and minds. Ivo Quartiroli offers an informed critique based in both an understanding of technology and of human consciousness.” —Howard Rheingold, author of The Virtual Community and Smart Mobs.

 “Ivo Quartiroli is mining the rich liminal territory between humans and their networks. With the integrity of a scientist and the passion of artist, he forces us to reconsider where we end and technology begins. Or when.” —Douglas Rushkoff, Media Theorist and author of Cyberia, Media Virus, Life, Inc. and Program or Be Programmed.

 “You might find what he writes to be challenging, irritating, even blasphemous and sacrilegious. If so, he has proven his point. The Internet, Ivo suggests, might just be the new opium of the masses. Agree with him or not, no other book to date brings together the multitude of issues related to how the seductions of technology impinge upon and affect the development of the self and soul.” —Michael Wesch, Associate Professor of Digital Ethnography, Kansas State University

 The Digitally Divided Self is a refreshing look at technology that goes beyond the standard, well-worn critiques. Ivo Quartiroli charts new territory with a series of profound reflections on the intersections of computer science, psychology and spirituality.” —Micah White, Senior Editor at Adbusters magazine.

Order on Amazon.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: From Awareness of technology to technologies of Awareness .. 1
The Limits of Technology.. 3
What’s Not Computable Isn’t Real .. 4
The Promises of the Early Internet .. 5
From Information Processing to Consciousness Processing.. 6
All in the Digital Mincer .. 7
Technology Can’t be Challenged.. 8
Technology Uses Us .. 10
Feeding the Soul with Bytes .. 11
The Immortal Mind .. 12
Inner Prostheses and Amputations through Technology .. 13
Beyond the Mind.. 14
The Fragility of Beliefs and Information Technology.. 15

Chapter 2:“It’s only a tool” .. 17
Technology is not Questionable .. 18
Knowing through the Body .. 18
Technology “Does” Us .. 19
Technology is a Matter of Life and Death.. 21
Binary and Inner Duality.. 21
Knowing through the Heart.. 22
Our Identity With Tools – from Chimps to Chips .. 25
Reconnecting with the Inner Flow.. 26
From Spectator to Witness .. 28
Inner Holes and Techno-Fills .. 28
Pure Thinking Without the Body.. 30
Tools for Inner Growth.. 31
The Mind Itself is a Medium.. 34
IT Weakens Our Presence .. 36
Constrained to Produce .. 39

Chapter 3: The Roots of It .. 39
Constrained to Produce .. 39
IT was Started by the Bible .. 40
Technology as Returning to the Lost Perfection .. 41
Contradictory Messages Short Circuit the Psyche .. 43
Children of a Lesser God .. 44
Psychological Defenses .. 44
Technology as the Ultimate Savior .. 45
The Nature of the Mind.. 46
Conceptual Debris and Technology as a Holding Agent for the Psyche 47
The Quest for Immortality .. 48
Copying, Improving and Creating Minds.. 50

Chapter 4: The Digitization of Reality .. 53
Data is King .. 55
The Digitization of Territory .. 56
Augmenting Reality .. 57
The Mind as the First Virtual Reality Tool .. 58
The Digitization of Biology .. 59
Analogical Models of Reality .. 64
Our Digital Nervous Systems .. 66
Programming .. 67
Thinking like Software .. 69
Digitizing All Life Events .. 71

Chapter 5: Intimacy and Sexuality.. 73
Eros and the Sexualization of Society .. 74
Cybersex.. 75
The Transformation of Seduction and of Relationship .. 77
Masturbation and Sex Toys.. 78
Orgasm 2.0.. 80
Cybervirgins .. 82
Gender Issues and the Vanishing Male.. 84
Earlier Exposure to Porn.. 85
Desires .. 87
Cybersex as a Tantric Path .. 87

Chapter 6: Commoditizing and Monetizing.. 89
Replacing the Real .. 90
Playing with Feelings .. 90
iMarket .. 92
Brave New World.. 94
Deconstructing Sense and Ethics.. 94
Toward the Denial of Truth .. 95

Chapter 7: Politics, Participation and Control .. 97
The Rulers of Our Psyches .. 98
Governments.. 99
Advertising and Our Attention.. 100
Google .. 101
Wikileaks .. 104
Into Our Digital Persona .. 104
You Can Tell What Somebody is Like by the Company They Keep.. 105
Is the Internet Empowering Us? .. 106
Illusory Participation.. 107
Slacktivism .. 110
The Yogic Geek.. 112
Renouncing the World .. 115

Chapter 8: Come together: the Rise of Social networks.. 115
Renoucing the World .. 115
The Inner Need of Connection and Facebook.. 116
Experiencing for Others to See .. 118
Empathy.. 119
Illusory Contact.. 121
Body/Mind Development in Childhood .. 125

Chapter 9: Digital Kids ..125
Body/Mind Development in Childhood .. 125
Denied Childhood .. 126
Computers in Education .. 127
Lack of Mentors .. 128
Technology as an Answer to Social Fear .. 129
Wired Children.. 130
Sleepless Children .. 132

Chapter 10: Literacy and the Analytical Mind.. 133
Analytical and Critical Skills .. 136
A New Literacy Through eBooks? .. 138
The Reading “Technology” .. 139
Digital Writing .. 140
Communication and the Transformation of Consciousness.. 141
Attend to This! .. 143

Chapter 11: Lost in the Current .. 143
Attend to This! .. 143
Attend to it Now and Forever! .. 145
New is Cool .. 145
Instant Gratification.. 145
Neurological Changes Related to Instant Gratification .. 146
Accepting Emptiness and the Eureka Effect.. 147
Faster and Faster, but just Apparently .. 149
Into the Loop .. 151
Technological Updates and the Right to Silence .. 152
Cogitus Interruptus through Multitasking .. 153
No History, No Narrative, No Past .. 156
Digital and Human Memory.. 157
Addiction.. 158
Awareness of Feelings and Addiction.. 162
Attention .. 165

Chapter 12: The Digitally Divided Self.. 165
Attention .. 165
The Construction of the Self .. 166
Technological Development as a Metaphor of the Psychological One .. 170
Millions of MP3s and the Missing “My Personality” .. 173
Attachment to the Machine .. 173
The Need for Mirroring .. 174
Maternal Feeding and Paternal Limit Setting .. 175
The Sand Castle Crumbles: Toward a Schizoid State.. 176
The Other as Image .. 178
Detaching from the Body .. 179
The Schizoid State is an Ontological Condition .. 181
The Eye, the Ear, and a Global Tribalism.. 181
The Mind as a Medium.. 183
No Identity.. 185
The Reign of Objectivity .. 189

Chapter 13: The Process of Knowledge .. 189
The Reign of Objectivity .. 189
Joining Inner and Outer Knowledge .. 192
Not Knowing.. 195
Words are Second-Best After Silence.. 198
Do We Know with our Brains? .. 200
Externalizing Thinking .. 202

Chapter 14: Upgrading to Heaven .. 205
Creating Consciousness.. 206
Technology as an Ego Maintainer .. 209
IT Beyond Me: Unlinking Ourselves through Technology .. 211
Here and Now.. 213
Devotionally Disappearing into Technology.. 214
The Immortal Mind.. 215
Spiritual Powers through Technology .. 217
Are we Machines? .. 218
The Will to Create Mental Worlds .. 220

Chapter 15: Biting the Snake.. 223
Out of the Loop.. 224
Screen Media vs. Meditation .. 225
Meditation .. 228
IT is basically Counter-Meditative.. 230
Another Maya Layer through Technology .. 231
Charles Babbage.. 233

Appendix: The People of Contemporary It and what Drives them.. 233
Charles Babbage.. 233
Ada Lovelace .. 234
John von Neumann.. 234
Norbert Wiener .. 235
Alan Turing .. 235
Al Gore.. 236
Steward Brand .. 237
Kevin Kelly .. 238
Bill Gates.. 239
Steve Jobs .. 239
Withdrawing into the Mind .. 240
Bibliography .. 241
Index .. 249

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The Digitally Divided Self. Table of Contents, Introduction and Chapter 1

The Digitally Divided Self

Order on Amazon.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: From Awareness of technology to technologies of Awareness .. 1
The Limits of Technology.. 3
What’s Not Computable Isn’t Real .. 4
The Promises of the Early Internet .. 5
From Information Processing to Consciousness Processing.. 6
All in the Digital Mincer .. 7
Technology Can’t be Challenged.. 8
Technology Uses Us .. 10
Feeding the Soul with Bytes .. 11
The Immortal Mind .. 12
Inner Prostheses and Amputations through Technology .. 13
Beyond the Mind.. 14
The Fragility of Beliefs and Information Technology.. 15

Chapter 2:“It’s only a tool” .. 17
Technology is not Questionable .. 18
Knowing through the Body .. 18
Technology “Does” Us .. 19
Technology is a Matter of Life and Death.. 21
Binary and Inner Duality.. 21
Knowing through the Heart.. 22
Our Identity With Tools – from Chimps to Chips .. 25
Reconnecting with the Inner Flow.. 26
From Spectator to Witness .. 28
Inner Holes and Techno-Fills .. 28
Pure Thinking Without the Body.. 30
Tools for Inner Growth.. 31
The Mind Itself is a Medium.. 34
IT Weakens Our Presence .. 36
Constrained to Produce .. 39

The Digitally Divided Self

Order on Amazon.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: From Awareness of technology to technologies of Awareness .. 1
The Limits of Technology.. 3
What’s Not Computable Isn’t Real .. 4
The Promises of the Early Internet .. 5
From Information Processing to Consciousness Processing.. 6
All in the Digital Mincer .. 7
Technology Can’t be Challenged.. 8
Technology Uses Us .. 10
Feeding the Soul with Bytes .. 11
The Immortal Mind .. 12
Inner Prostheses and Amputations through Technology .. 13
Beyond the Mind.. 14
The Fragility of Beliefs and Information Technology.. 15

Chapter 2:“It’s only a tool” .. 17
Technology is not Questionable .. 18
Knowing through the Body .. 18
Technology “Does” Us .. 19
Technology is a Matter of Life and Death.. 21
Binary and Inner Duality.. 21
Knowing through the Heart.. 22
Our Identity With Tools – from Chimps to Chips .. 25
Reconnecting with the Inner Flow.. 26
From Spectator to Witness .. 28
Inner Holes and Techno-Fills .. 28
Pure Thinking Without the Body.. 30
Tools for Inner Growth.. 31
The Mind Itself is a Medium.. 34
IT Weakens Our Presence .. 36
Constrained to Produce .. 39 Leggi tutto “The Digitally Divided Self. Table of Contents, Introduction and Chapter 1”

The Situationists Still Enlighten Us

I Situazionisti ci illuminano ancora

“All that once was directly lived has become representation. . . . The real consumer has become a consumer of illusions” (Guy Debord, 1967).

The Situationists, an international revolutionary group of the ’50s critical of capitalist culture, spoke of “The Society of the Spectacle” – which alienated people through a mediated and commoditized social envinroment.

Media and products, in the Situationists’ view, dull the audience and control desire. Half a century later,  we have newly created media with greatly expanded scope –which reinforce the Situationists’ principles. In the new digital millennium it seems that desires are not controlled, yet are accepted as long as there is a market product associated with it, channeled through and stimulated by the media.

Situationists perceived that in capitalism, emotions become transmuted into market products – and we have to pay up to redeem our emotions. The market, as they saw it, first takes away our real needs for connection and authenticity, then offers a pale reflection of the real – making us always thirsty for a real which will never come.

The need for connection today is expressed through social networks which appear free and democratic. Yes, many Internet services are free of charge, but if we calculate hardware, software, the Internet connection – plus our time and attention – the cost must be reconsidered.

Moreover, the Situationists observed that people in our society are programmed to live a life that is merely a representation of a real life. Through technology needs have been created in order to sell solutions. And the hi-tech market doesn’t even require much in the way of commodities any more, since it is represented digitally – making Debord’s words about becoming consumers of illusions blatant.

“Once we have surrendered our senses and nervous systems to the private manipulation of those who would try to benefit from taking a lease on our eyes and ears and nerves, we don’t really have any rights left” (McLuhan, Understanding Media, 1964).

“Tutto quello che una volta era vissuto direttamente ora è diventato una rappresentazione… Il consumatore reale si è trasformato in un consumatore di illusioni” (Guy Debord, 1967).

I Situazionisti, un gruppo rivoluzionario internazionale degli anni Cinquanta, molto critico verso la società capitalista, parlavano della “Società dello Spettacolo”, la quale alienava le persone attraverso un ambiente sociale mediato e mercificato.

I media e le merci, secondo le idee dei Situazionisti, ottundevano il pubblico e controllavano il desiderio. Mezzo secolo dopo, abbiamo creato dei nuovi media con un campo d’azione più vasto, che rendono ancora più valide le affermazioni dei Situazionisti. Nel nuovo millennio digitale, sembra che i desideri non siano controllati, ma accettati fintantoché possono venire associati a un prodotto esistente nel mercato, incanalati e stimolati dai media.

I Situazionisti percepirono che nel capitalismo le emozioni vengono trasformate in prodotti di mercato, e che per recuperarle dobbiamo pagare. Il mercato, così pensavano, ci privava innanzitutto di relazioni interpersonali e di autenticità, poi offriva un pallido riflesso del reale, rendendoci in tal modo affamati di un’autenticità che non avremmo mai trovato.

Il bisogno di rapporti, oggi, trova espressione nei social network, che sembrano liberi e democratici. Certo, molti servizi Internet sono gratuiti, ma se prendiamo in considerazione l’hardware, il software, la connessione Internet – più il nostro tempo e la nostra attenzione – il calcolo dei costi cambia.

In più, i Situazionisti osservarono che i membri della nostra società erano programmati per vivere una vita che di fatto fosse una rappresentazione della vita reale. Attraverso la tecnologia, sono stati creati dei bisogni per poter vendere delle soluzioni. E il mercato hi-tech non richiede più nemmeno molte merci, in quanto esiste digitalmente. In tal modo, l’affermazione di Debord sull’essere divenuti consumatori di illusioni è divenuta fin troppo evidente.

“Una volta che abbiamo consegnato i nostri sensi e i nostri sistemi nervosi alle manipolazioni di coloro che cercano di trarre profitti prendendo in affitto i nostri occhi, le orecchie e i nervi, in realtà non abbiamo più diritti.” (McLuhan, Gli strumenti del comunicare, 1964).

Juggling with the Mind

Giochi di prestigio mentali

“I would like to be able to download the ability to juggle. There’s nothing more boring than learning to juggle.”1 That’s artificial intelligence scientist Marvin Minsky, talking about a new AI project at MIT. He points to the fact that his iPhone can download thousands of applications, instantly allowing it to perform with new capacities. Why not do the same with the brain?

Minsky believes that we can separate the ability to juggle from the internal transformations that take place while learning to juggle. Knowledge, in the Cartesian style, is seen as something “pure,” removed from subjective participation and the involvement of our body/mind.

Scientists who claim to be at the forefront of human progress are still entangled in paradigms hundreds of years old.  Given Minsky’s vision, even inner knowledge can be represented digitally and downloaded to our neurophysiology, just as we do with a computer application. Kurzweil and others forecast such a future.

Here is Aldous Huxley’s view:

Some artists have practised the kind of self-naughting which is the indispensable pre-condition of the unitive knowledge of the divine Ground. Fra Angelico, for example, prepared himself for his work by means of prayer and meditation; and from the foreground extract from Chuang Tzu we see how essentially religious (and not merely professional) was the Taoist craftman’s approach to his art. Here we may remark in passing that mechanization is incompatible with inspiration. The artisan could do and often did do a thoroughly bad job. But if, like Ch’ing, the chief carpenter, he cared for his art and were ready to do what was necessary to make himself docile to inspiration, he could and sometimes did do a job so good that is seemed “as though as supernatural execution.” Among the many and enormous advantages of efficient automatic machinery is this: it is completely fool-proof. But every gain has to be paid for. The automatic machine is fool-proof; but just because it is fool-proof it is also grace-proof. The man who tends such a machine is impervious to every form of aesthetic inspiration, whether of human or of genuinely spiritual origin. “Industry without art is brutality.” But actually Ruskin maligns the brutes. The industrious bird or insect is inspired, when it works, by the infallible animal grace of instinct – by Tao as it manifests itself on the level immediately above the physiological.” 2

When we don’t feel “presence” in our actions or value our activities as media for our growth, we move toward automating everything that can be automated, including activities which expand our soul’s capacities. In Zen monasteries, even the most repetitive tasks—like cleaning the rice—are used as a path for awareness. But the contemporary ego wants goals – and wants to reach them fast.

1Chandler, D.L. “Rethinking artificial intelligence”.  MITnews.  http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2009/ai-overview-1207.html

2Aldous Huxley, The Perennial Philosophy, New York: Harper & Row, 1945, p. 171.

“Mi piacerebbe scaricare istantaneamente la capacità di fare giochi di prestigio.  Non c’è nulla di più noioso che impararli.”1 Così si esprime lo scienziato di intelligenza artificiale Marvin Minsky a proposito di un nuovo progetto al MIT. Egli si riferisce al fatto che il suo iPhone può scaricare migliaia di applicazioni che istantaneamente ne ampliano le facoltà. Perché non si può fare la stessa cosa con il cervello?

Minsky crede che sia possibile separare la capacità di fare giochi di prestigio dalle trasformazioni interiori connesse all’apprendimento di questa arte. La conoscenza, nell’ottica cartesiana, è considerata qualcosa di “puro”, che prescinde dalla partecipazione soggettiva e dal coinvolgimento del corpo/mente.

Gli scienziati che affermano di essere l’avanguardia del progresso umano sono ancora prigionieri di paradigmi risalenti a centinaia di anni fa. Secondo le concezioni di Minsky, ogni conoscenza interiore è rappresentabile digitalmente e scaricabile nella nostra neurofisiologia, allo stesso modo di un’applicazione al computer. Kurzweil e altri prevedono un tale futuro.
Ecco al proposito quanto disse Aldous Huxley:

Alcuni artisti hanno praticato quel genere di autoannullamento che è condizione preliminare e indispensabile della conoscenza unitiva del divino Fondamento. Il Beato Angelico, ad esempio, si preparava al lavoro con la preghiera e la meditazione; e dal brano precedente di Chuang-tzu vediamo come fosse essenzialmente religioso (e non semplicemente professionale) il modo di accostarsi alla sua arte proprio dell’artigiano taoista. Possiamo qui osservare di passaggio che la meccanizzazione è incompatibile con l’ispirazione. L’artigiano poteva fare e spesso faceva un lavoro pessimo. Ma se come Ch’ing, il falegname capo, egli si preoccupa dell’arte sua ed è pronto a far ciò che è necessario per rendersi docile all’ispirazione, allora egli può fare (e talvolta lo ha fatto) un lavoro così buono da sembrare “quasi di esecuzione soprannaturale”. Tra i molti ed enormi vantaggi dei macchinari efficienti automatici c’è questo: sono completamente inattaccabili dagli sciocchi. Ma ogni acquisto si deve pagare. La macchina automatica è inattaccabile dagli sciocchi; ma proprio per questo è anche inattaccabile dalla grazia. L’uomo che opera su questa macchina è impermeabile a ogni forma d’ispirazione estetica, sia di origine umana sia genuinamente spirituale. “L’industria senz’arte è bestialità”. Ma qui Ruskin diffama le bestie. L’uccello o l’insetto operoso è ispirato, quando lavora, dalla infallibile grazia animale dell’istinto: dal tao quale si manifesta sul piano immediatamente superiore al fisiologico.2

Quando non avvertiamo la “presenza” nelle nostre azioni o non consideriamo ciò che facciamo uno strumento della nostra evoluzione, tendiamo ad automatizzare tutto ciò che può essere automatizzato, incluse quelle attività volte a espandere la nostra anima. Nei monasteri Zen, anche le attività più ripetitive come mondare il riso vengono usate come una via verso la consapevolezza. Ma l’ego contemporaneo vuole degli obiettivi, e li vuole raggiungere velocemente.

1Chandler, D.L. “Rethinking artificial intelligence”.  MITnews.  http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2009/ai-overview-1207.html

2Aldous Huxley, The Perennial Philosophy, New York: Harper & Row, 1945, p. 171.