Clicco dunque sono: verso l'esternalizzazione dell'identità
I click, therefore I am: Toward outsourcing our identity
Jul 19th, 2008 by Ivo Quartiroli |
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We are scattered over the Net, a piece in a social networking site, another piece in a different site, in a dating site, we write in our blog and we comment on others’ blogs, meet on chats and join forums on the most diverse subjects. Furthermore, we keep several contacts by email.
Our identities are becoming ever more fluid, we feel affiliated with various situations with only a part of ourselves. The real communities of family and friends too are now more like windows which maybe we would prefer to also manage in our computers. Lifelogging projects want to extend the scope of our life activities which are processed and managed online.
Sherry Turkle described in her books The Second Self: Computers and the Human Spirit (1984) and Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet the exploration of the psychological parts in role-playing games and later on the Net. She thought that having the chance to live our object relationships could be important to individualize our identities.
One aspect of our online identities, explored by several experts, is the attenuation of inhibitions in online life. The superego, our psyche’s structure devoted to criticizing ourselves, to inhibit our actions and desires, is weakened by our online activity. Without superego pressure we can explore parts which are usually kept in the shadow.
Using false identities, as happened more frequently in the first years on the Internet, hides our real identities (partly for our own selves as well) and the superego is hidden along with it.
There are two complementary tendencies on the Net: one which encourages keeping multiple personalities, and the other which tends to gather them in a central personality. For instance, a survey said that most people on Twitter use more than one account and a site lets users create profiles for the different facets of their personality. We can set different email addresses (sometimes called “identities”) in email programs.
Other tendencies are toward reunification, as in OpenID, a “way to use a single digital identity across the Internet.” Furthermore, many social sites we could be part of, like BlogCatalog and MyBloglog will show the identity we choose to when we visit blogs, leaving a trace of our path.
Anonymity is still possible, but since we are connected in a tight web, being anonymous is often not encouraged and, being anonymous will sometimes even make our online activities more complicated. Through our activity on the Net, our online ego is being formed and we often carry it offline too.
This implies that there is a part of us which directs and coordinates the parts. However, both on the spiritual as well as neuroscientific levels, people affirm that there isn’t anything like that. Neuroscience didn’t find anything that can be labeled as a “center of consciousness” and not even the ego’s location. Every part of the brain seems to communicate with the others even in the absence of a coordinating entity. The spiritual teacher/non-teacher U. G. Krishnamurti affirms:
Is there in you an entity which you call the “I” or the “mind” or the “self”? Is there a coordinator who is coordinating what you are looking at with what you are listening to, what you are smelling with what you are tasting, and so on? Or is there anything which links together the various sensations originating from a single sense – the flow of impulses from the eyes, for example? Actually, there is always a gap between any two sensations. The coordinator bridges that gap: he establishes himself as an illusion of continuity. In the natural state there is no entity who is coordinating the messages from the different senses. Each sense is functioning independently in its own way. When there is a demand from outside which makes it necessary to coordinate one or two or all of the senses and come up with a response, still there is no coordinator, but there is a temporary state of co-ordination. There is no continuity; when the demand has been met, again there is only the uncoordinated, disconnected, disjointed functioning of the senses. This is always the case. Once the continuity is blown apart – not that it was ever there; but the illusory continuity – it’s finished once and for all (U. G. Krishnamurti, The Mystique of Enlightenment, Goa: Dinesh Vaghela, 1982: http://www.well.com/user/jct/mystiq.htm).
According to U.G., the state he defines as “natural” is what other spiritual teachers call the state of enlightenment. Even an epistemologist like Edgar Morin says that there isn’t any command center in the psyche, affirming that the center is at the same time acentric and polycentric.
The ego, then, as the awareness teachers say, is an illusion, an entity which artificially keeps together our personality, a collection of thoughts, ideas, hopes and feelings which, through its unending activity, creates the delusion of psychic continuity. The constant flux of information and the activity of our sub-personalities create the delusion of continuity of an analogous ego on the Net.
Assagioli, the father of psychosynthesis and one of the inspiring figures of transpersonal psychology, used the concept of different psychic parts and their integration in a spiritual context. The “I” of Assagioli was mainly supported by awareness and by will. A further development was a Self which represented the superior or transpersonal level.
In Almaas’s Diamond Heart school, at a certain point in the personal path toward awareness, the pearl is developed:
The pearl is the real, complete, balanced, and rounded personality that psychologists believe they are talking about when they are discussing the ego. We must remember that the ego is a structure, or structured process, whereas the pearl is Essence, which means the pearl is an ontological Presence. We call it the Personal Essence because among all the essential aspects it alone is personal. It is experienced as having a personal flavor to it, in contradistinction to impersonal. All aspects of Essence, even love and kindness, are impersonal. But the pearl is personal. And this is its miraculous quality, totally unexpected and unfathomable (A. H. Almaas, Essence: The Diamond Approach to Inner Realization, York Beach: Samuel Weiser, 1986, p. 162).
The pearl, differently from the ego, is something real, not a cluster of mental images and of object relationships inside our psyche. The pearl grows with the support of the essential aspects of will, compassion, strength, intelligence, joy, peace and others, which have to be first recognized and integrated in our psyche.
The ordinary mind in itself can’t create Assagioli’s higher Self or Almaas’s pearl.
Mind is confusion. Thoughts and thoughts – thousands of thoughts clamoring, clashing, fighting with each other, fighting for your attention. Thousands of thoughts pulling you into thousands of directions. It is a miracle how you go on keeping yourself together. Somehow you manage this togetherness – it is only somehow, it is only a facade. Deep behind it there is a clamoring crowd, a civil war, a continuous civil war. Thoughts fighting with each other, thoughts wanting you to fulfill them. It is a great confusion, what you call your mind. But if you are aware that the mind is confusion, and you don’t get identified with the mind, you will never fall (Osho, The Dhammapada: The Way of the Buddha, Series 1, Cologne: Rebel Publishing House, p. 177).
Osho says that being aware of that confusion detaches the identification with it and saves one from falling. Awareness, being a witness (also known as the meditative state) is what saves one from confusion. The “funny” thing is that both the state of enlightenment and the psychotic schizophrenic state share the similar condition of the absence of a center which coordinates the psyche.
If we can’t create a healthy ego, the outcome of being heavily identified with the different actors present in the mind can bring pathology. Between psychopathology and enlightenment there is a structure, whether it is an illusory egoic organization or the development of real pearl, which gives a center to our psyche.
The individual can be lost in either of two ways: one, schizophrenic, splitting into many subpersons; and another, cosmic – lost into the ultimate; lost into the greater, the greatest, the Brahma; lost into the expanse (Osho, The Psychology of the Esoteric, Cologne: Rebel Publishing House, p. 94).
Being totally identified with the experience is a pathological condition, while becoming observers of our experience gives an evolutive incentive. When we are taken by external inputs the observer can’t be active and our awareness is lost along with it.
In the development of the spiritual path, even the observer can eventually be lost.
Identity determines the locus of consciousness, awareness, perception, and observation. The feeling of identity is inseparably connected with the center of perception, what is usually referred to as “the observer”. This is the ordinary experience of all normal individuals; everyone experiences the sense of “I” as the center of perception. The reader can confirm this by spending a few minutes paying attention to his or her inner experience. Anyone who pays attention to the sense of “I” as the center of perception is likely to find the observer located somewhere in the body. Some people experience the observer centered in the head, in the back of the head or neck, or in the back of the body in general. Our perception of ourselves is almost always clearly oriented in space. For example, a person observing her inner experience might find that she is looking from the head downward, or from the back forward, or from the surface inward. Her perception will inevitably have a locus or center, and thus a direction. If, in such processes as self-observation or awareness meditation, we observe the observer itself, only one of two outcomes seems possible. The first is that a new center of observation is created by this maneuver. So the observer merely shifts location. The other outcome, which is the goal of awareness meditation, occurs when no new center of observation manifests. It is not only the observer that dissolves in this condition, but also the feeling of identity. The disappearance of the familiar sense of identity is something that parts of the self will quite naturally resist; this is why such experiences are not easy to achieve, and generally occur only in the context of a lengthy, dedicated practice. In advanced stages of meditation, practitioners experience the absence of the center or locus of observation, called the diffusion of the observer. This indicates that one is experiencing awareness as boundless presence (or space), centerless and omnipresent (A. H. Almaas, The Point of Existence, Berkeley, CA: Diamond Books, 1996, p. 110).
However, this lack of an observer is something quite different from the similar state of mental pathology.
We need to differentiate the condition of the diffusion of the observer, as defined in meditational practices, from the absence or weakness of the observer in some forms of psychopathology. In this latter case, it is the lack or distorted development of one of the ego functions, that of being a somewhat detached center of observation. This is not a state of boundless awareness, but of being so involved and identified with the particulars of experience that one cannot merely observe them. So it is a condition of total identification that usually indicates a regressive state, while the diffusion of the observer in spiritual experience is a state of total disidentification with any content of experience (A. H. Almaas, The Point of Existence, Berkeley, CA: Diamond Books, 1996, p. 517, n. 44).
In the Hindu esoteric tradition, human beings are seen as made of different bodies, viz., in seven bodies: physical, emotional, etheric, mental, spiritual, cosmic, and nirvanic. Osho teaches about the passage toward the construction of an ego and the next step about going beyond the ego.
When you enter the fifth body, crystallization of the ego happens. But now, for further progress, this crystallization must be lost again. Lost into the void, into the cosmic. Only one who has can lose, so to talk about egolessness before the fifth body is nonsense, absurd. You do not have an ego, so how can you lose it? Or you can say that you have many egos, every servant has an ego. You are multi-egoistic, a multi-personality, a multi-psyche, but not a unified ego. You cannot lose the ego because you do not have it. A rich man can renounce his riches, but not a poor one…From the fifth it is from ego to non-ego. Now the dimension is different. There is no question of outside, inside, upward or downward. The question is of “I” and “non-I”. The question is now concerned with whether there is a center or not. A person is without any center up to the fifth – split in different parts. Only for the fifth body is there a center: a unity, oneness. But the center becomes the ego. Now this center will be a hindrance for further progress. Every step that was a help becomes a hindrance for further progress. You have to leave every bridge you cross. It was helpful in crossing, but it will become a hindrance if you cling to it. Up to the fifth body, a center has to be created (Osho, The Psychology of the Esoteric, Cologne: Rebel Publishing House, p. 93).
Once enlightened, there isn’t need any more of a center: the existence “takes charge” of ourselves. Being scattered over the Net running after any inducement presented by it, following many things at the same time in multitask produces a similarity and an appeal of the open, free, centerless and connected condition which happens when we reach the so-called cosmic body, bypassing the ego’s crystallization stages.
If in the advanced stages of spiritual growth the inner observer of our actions and of our thoughts fades and is not needed any more, it is basic in the construction of an “I” and to not become subject to inner fragmentation.
But the witness or conscious attention is just the entity which is difficult to keep alive when we are faced by a large number of mental stimuli.
It is true that we can do many things at once. We can talk, drive a car, breathe, and digest food all at the same time. But our waking attention is single and indivisible. We may be able to switch it rapidly from one thing to another, but at any given instant it is consumed by one thing alone. (There are many ways you can verify this. One is to look at an ambiguous figure, such as a line drawing of a cube. You will find that you cannot see both orientations of the cube at the same time, despite the fact that both are “there” waiting for you to attend to them.) The person who watches television while talking on the phone is missing a good part of the program and a good part of the conversation. Everything may be taken in sensorially, but only one thing at a time is attended to…the point where we exercise our attention is the point where we manifest our highest capacities. It is the only point where we can gain mastery over technology (or anything else) and the only point where we can deepen understanding. Moreover, if we are not masters of our own attention, we are tools of our surroundings and of our own subconscious…I am not saying that the many things we “do” beside paying attention are worthless. It’s a good thing the pianist does not have to attend to the movement of his fingers while he is interpreting a sonata. But we need to recognize that the things we do not attend to gain a certain automatic character. If, on the other hand, our attention becomes wholly entrained by the mechanisms we have set in motion around us – for example, by “what pops up on the screen” – then we will have disappeared into those mechanisms. This will be true despite our exhilarated feelings of being “in control” as we shift our attention with executive authority from one interrupt to another within an overall context we have become incapable of questioning (Stephen Talbott, “Multitasking Ourselves to Death,” Netfuture #75, 30 Jul 98).
The fragmented psyche and the disappearing “I” have difficulties in recognizing their own condition since they don’t allow one to slow down or stop in order to activate the witness for inner observation.
With an ever-growing information flux, the technological extensions themselves could represent the ego’s glue. It is very the flow of information which keeps the ego together, which gives it the sense of direction and causes the unceasing mental and emotional activity.
We are outsourcing our “I” to technology. Computers are entering cloud computing, where the processing resources and the storage of data are managed by huge data centers owned by big companies which can play with our identities.




According to U.G., the state he defines as “natural” is what other spiritual teachers call the state of enlightenment.
No, Ivo.
According to you, the state U.G. defines as “natural” is what other spiritual teachers call the state of enlightenment.
U.G. never equated those two concepts, nor would he have done so. In fact, U.G. insisted that there’s no such thing as what those so-called “spiritual” so-called “teachers” refer to as “enlightenment.”
Of course, U.G. also would have declared nearly everything you’ve written here to be the same kind of nonsense that’s perpetually promulgated by those so-called teachers, i.e., the ones who “…have created nothing but a mess in this world, progressively moving in the direction of destroying not only man, but every species [of living beings] on this planet today.”
So perhaps you should restrict yourself to citing other sources, rather than U.G., in support of these…well, let’s be kind and just call them notions.
A more immediate problem is the fact that a good strategy for getting on with people is to share their interests. Any good parent shares the interests of his or her children, and a good listener takes an interest in what others are saying.
One consequence of a revealed identity in the blogosphere is that all audiences see all interests. This is where being a good listener and sharing interests creates a risk of appearing two-faced.
Whilst an audience may find the first message welcoming, they may find the second message disturbing. This is true even when the messages are not in any way contradictory.
Anna, I’m aware that words become confounding, and are even inadequate when writing about spiritual states – and it’s especially risky to write about UG.
I’d like to share my meeting with his words. Unfortunately, I never got a chance to meet him personally. The first time I saw one of his books was in a used books store in San Francisco while I was in the States around 1992 or 1993. I was impressed by the expression in his eyes on the cover. I’d started on a spiritual path a few years before and was much into the exploring stage, both experientially and intellectually. I bought the book, read a few paragraphs here and there, and almost got scared at what at that time I saw as a deeply nihilistic and negative view. On reading his words, I felt there was no hope in finding any spiritual path. I couldn’t approach the book again for years.
Then I realized that my attitude toward the spiritual path was about reaching somewhere, getting something from the path, and achieving an end to the mundane and existential suffering. I started to accept life as it is more and more and got the guts to read UG again. I think his message (even though he said he didn’t have any message) is very useful for people who get attached to the notion of reaching somewhere and getting something from the path. Useful for people who built a spiritual ego and are attached to the notion of bliss or the “problem solving” features of the path. Useful too for people who get attached to methods and structured teachings.
Even though UG talked a lot about the non-existence of enlightenment, in my opinion the description of his state resembles similar descriptions by other spiritual teachers. (Yes, I know he never identified himself as a teacher, not even spiritual, nonetheless he talked for years about “spiritual stuff.”) Also, saying that there is no such thing as enlightenment is, to me, compatible with what many teachers say that there is no “individual” enlightenment. Once the state is reached, there’s nobody there anymore.
I feel the perennial philosophy applies to UG as well, and that at a certain level differences melt. In every epoch, the teachings lost their life force and became fixed methods. Therefore, once in a while, new teachers appear who help in getting one disidentified from the structures that the mind creates around teachings.
Quoting Osho:
Buddha was obliged to say, “There is no such thing as soul.” Mahavira had said, “There is no God, the soul is.” Buddha had to say, “There is not even soul,” because in Buddha’s times people began to ask, “What does the atman mean?”
I think that UG has an important role in smashing spiritual conditionings. We don’t know what UG’s reaction would have been to my words in the article. Maybe he would have kicked my ass, or just laughed or simply not cared or perhaps he would have winked at me. In any case, I like to think that his act, coming from his natural state, would have been more unpredictable than your certainty. Anyway, he wrote at the beginning of one of his books “You are free to reproduce, distribute, interpret, misinterpret, distort, garble, do what you like, even claim authorship, without my consent or the permission of anybody,” so I took the liberty of giving my opinion.
Krishnamurti was badly burned, awakened to his own path, by both the theosophists and the spiritualists who, at that time, were somewhat decadent. The fever pitch of spiritualists and clairvoyance
was not only prevalent but extremely fashionable.
Anna, I find it rather interesting that you state “U.G. also would have declared nearly everything you’ve written here to be the same kind of nonsense that’s perpetually promulgated by those so-called teachers, i.e., the ones who “…have created nothing but a mess in this world, progressively moving in the direction of destroying not only man, but every species [of living beings] on this planet today.”
My impression, after decades of study, was that he was very sensitive, in his more mature years, to the use of language and even more sensitive to allowing others the freedom to go their own path because his own personal experiences with A. Besant who amongst others, in my humble opinion, used him.
I believe his core belief in later life was that only individualized, personal experience leads to higher awareness’s, period, forget all the rest!
I am saddened by your angry tone.
Warm regards, Alan
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